电梯安全钳摩擦温升的数值模拟与试验方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 03:38

本文选题：安全钳 + 摩擦　；参考：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着电梯运行速度的不断提高,电梯安全钳在制停过程中的摩擦温升现象开始得到关注,因为高温会使钳块材料制动性能退化而造成危险。然而,目前关于安全钳摩擦温升的相关研究很少,也缺乏试验检测的方法。本文对于电梯安全钳制停过程中的摩擦温升现象进行了研究,利用有限元软件进行了数值模拟,并研究了对于不同速度安全钳的不同试验方法。首先,论文对于摩擦温升现象涉及到的基础理论进行了阐述:包括热传导理论、接触理论和摩擦生热理论等;对安全钳块和导轨间的摩擦行为描述提出了一个新的理论模型,并阐述了模型的实现方法;给出了有限元法对于温度场和热机耦合场的处理过程,为数值模拟建立了理论基础。然后,根据某型号电梯安全钳的实际形状尺寸建立了有限元模型,数值模拟了安全钳的制停过程,分析了摩擦温升的仿真结果,包括制动过程中的最高温升历程和表面温度分布等,并和现有的传热模型分析结果进行比较,同时对最高温升的不同影响因素进行了考察和分析。接着,论文对于目前常用的中低速电梯安全钳的摩擦温升测量设计了一个试验方法并进行了试验,得到了考察点的温升历程,和本文数值模型的模拟结果进行对比,发现考察点的实测温升时间曲线和仿真结果有着较好的吻合度,证明了有限元模型的有效性。最后,针对高速电梯安全钳的摩擦温升研究提出了相应的试验方法,并且研制了一个等效实际工况的试验台,具体阐述了整体试验台结构和主要部件的设计,并根据试验台的试验特点开发了一款安全钳模拟加载装置。本文所提出的理论与仿真模型、试验方法、以及获得的研究结果对于电梯安全钳摩擦温升的研究具有不错的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of elevator running speed, the friction temperature rise of elevator safety clamp in the process of controlling and stopping is concerned, because the high temperature will make the brake performance of clamp material degenerate and cause danger.However, there are few researches on friction temperature rise of safety forceps.In this paper, the friction temperature rise in the process of elevator safety clamping and stopping is studied. The numerical simulation is carried out by using finite element software, and the different test methods for different speed safety pliers are studied.First of all, the basic theory of friction temperature rise is introduced, including heat conduction theory, contact theory and friction heat generation theory, and a new theoretical model is proposed to describe the friction behavior between safety clamp and guide rail.The realization method of the model and the processing process of the finite element method to the temperature field and the coupling field of the heat engine are presented, which establishes the theoretical foundation for the numerical simulation.Then, according to the actual shape and size of a certain type of elevator safety clamp, the finite element model is established, and the stopping process of the safety clamp is numerically simulated, and the simulation results of friction temperature rise are analyzed.It includes the maximum temperature rise history and surface temperature distribution in the braking process, and compares the results with the existing heat transfer model. At the same time, the influence factors of the maximum temperature rise are investigated and analyzed.Then, the paper designs a test method for the friction temperature rise measurement of the middle and low speed elevator safety clamp, and carries on the test, obtains the temperature rise history of the inspection point, and compares with the simulation result of the numerical model in this paper.It is found that the measured temperature rise time curve of the observation point is in good agreement with the simulation results, which proves the validity of the finite element model.Finally, according to the research of friction temperature rise of high speed elevator safety clamp, the corresponding test method is put forward, and a test bed with equivalent actual working condition is developed, and the structure of the whole test bed and the design of main components are elaborated in detail.According to the test characteristics of the test bench, a safety clamp simulation loading device is developed.The theoretical and simulation models, experimental methods and the results obtained in this paper have a good reference value for the study of friction temperature rise of elevator safety pliers.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU857

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