景颇族传统住屋—形式与文化的研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 00:30

本文选题：德宏 + 景颇族　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：景颇族是我国少数民族之一,主要聚居在云南省德宏州境内,景颇族是一个独具特色的民族,其民居形式更是独树一帜。“长脊短檐”的倒梯形屋面是景颇族民居形式的一个显著特征,它体现出对早期干栏屋顶形式的一种文化承接,这在现今的中国传统民居建筑中是独一无二的。景颇族来源于氐羌部落,“长脊短檐”式的干栏建筑是百越文化的显著特点,而在云南古代,氐羌和百越是杂处的状态,所以,景颇族的传统的“矮脚低楼式”房屋是受百越文化的影响而形成。随着技术的进步和各民族之间的交流融合,景颇族传统的“矮脚低楼式”房屋逐渐被淘汰,发展出了高楼式、傣族干栏式、外廊式、落地式等几种新的房屋形式。这些新的房屋形式除落地式外都是干栏式建筑,说明景颇族人民对干栏式建筑的喜爱。阿摩斯·拉普卜特认为住屋形式的形成是一系列社会文化作用的产物,同时,气候状况、建造方式、建筑材料、经济因素和技术手段等对形式的产生起着一定的影响作用。根据阿摩斯·拉普卜特的这一理论,论文从气候、建筑材料、经济因素、技术因素、家庭结构、政治制度及宗教意识等方面分析了景颇族住屋的发展。在这些影响景颇族住屋形式发展的因素中,宗教意识的限定是最根深蒂固的。景颇族信仰万物有灵,这一观念使得景颇族的住屋打上了很深的宗教烙印。尽管景颇族的住屋形式发生了很多变化,但住屋内的一些设置一直是固定不变的,比如客厅里的火塘和供奉祖先的鬼台。随着景颇族地区生活水平的提高,火塘的实用性功能大为减弱,但景颇族住屋内仍保留着火塘,这是因为景颇族的火神崇拜似的火塘具有了神圣的宗教意味。景颇族住屋的宗教因素不仅表现在室内陈设上,还表现在住屋的建造过程中,从地基的选择到到建房再到进新房,这期间有很多祭祀活动。在景颇族住屋的发展过程中,既有变化又有不变。湿热的气候使景颇族人民一直保持着楼居的习惯,建筑材料和技术的改进、经济水平的提高使景颇族住屋形式发生了多样的变化,而宗教意识的限定又使景颇族住屋内的某些设置流传至今,从而保留了本民族的特色。
[Abstract]:Jingpo is one of the minority nationalities in China, mainly living in Dehong, Yunnan Province. Jingpo is a unique ethnic group, and its residential form is unique.The inverted trapezoid roof of "long ridge and short eaves" is a remarkable feature of Jingpo folk residence form, which embodies a cultural acceptance of the early dry column roof form, which is unique in the modern Chinese traditional residential buildings.The Jingpo people originated from the Di-Qiang tribe, and the "long ridge and short eaves" style dry hurdles architecture is a prominent feature of Baiyue culture, but in ancient Yunnan, Diqiang and Baiyue were more mixed, so,Jingpo's traditional "low-foot low-rise" house was formed by the influence of Baiyue culture.With the progress of technology and the integration of communication among different nationalities, the traditional "low foot and low floor" houses of Jingpo nationality have been gradually eliminated, and several new housing forms, such as tall building, Dai dry hurdle, veranda, floor, etc, have been developed.These new housing forms are all dry-column buildings except floor style, indicating the Jingpo people's love for dry-fence buildings.Amos Rappout believes that the formation of housing form is the product of a series of social and cultural functions, and climate conditions, construction methods, building materials, economic factors and technical means play a certain role in the formation of the form.According to Amos Lapper's theory, the paper analyzes the development of Jingpo's housing from the aspects of climate, building materials, economic factors, technical factors, family structure, political system and religious consciousness.Of these factors affecting the development of housing forms of the Jingpo people, religious consciousness is the most deep-rooted.The Jingpo people believe in animism, which makes the houses of the Jingpo people deeply religious.Although many changes have taken place in the housing style of the Jingpo people, some of the houses have always been fixed, such as the fire pond in the living room and the ghost terrace for their ancestors.With the improvement of living standard in Jingpo area, the practical function of fire pond is weakened greatly, but the fire pond is still kept in the house of Jingpo nationality, because the fire pond of Jingpo nationality has a sacred religious meaning.The religious factors of Jingpo's houses are not only in the interior furnishings, but also in the process of house construction, from the choice of foundation to the construction of houses to the new houses. During this period, there are a lot of sacrificial activities.In the Jingpo housing development process, there are both changes and changes.The warm and humid climate has kept the Jingpo people in the habit of living in buildings. The improvement of building materials and technology, and the improvement of the economic level, have resulted in a variety of changes in the housing forms of the Jingpo people.However, the limitation of religious consciousness has made some settings in the houses of Jingpo people pass on to this day, thus retaining their own characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU253

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