徽州地区居住建筑舒适性及节能潜力研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 16:39

本文选题：徽州地区 + 居住建筑　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对室内舒适性的要求也不断的提高,随之带来的就是建筑消耗的大幅度增加。然而,在国家大力倡导节能减排的大背景下,这种通过过度消耗能源来满足建筑室内舒适性的方式是非常不可取的。自然通风是一种既能满足室内人们的热舒适性的要求又能节约能源的有效手段,但是不同地区的人可接受的自然通风条件下的舒适温度的范围并不相同,并且不同建筑设计策略下的节能效果也有显著差别。本文主要研究自然通风条件下徽州地区居住建筑室内的舒适性及节能潜力。本文首先介绍和总结了国内外自然通风条件下居住建筑舒适性的研究现状和进展,同时总结当前关于徽州地区的建筑环境与节能的研究,指出了研究的不足,并在此基础上提出了自己的研究内容和重点。第二章介绍了热舒适性的基础理论,包括影响因素、评价指标、评价模型以及评级标准等。本文选择以PMV-PPD和操作温度作为评价指标,以Fanger的热舒适模型为评价模型,以ASHRAE 55和ISO7730以及《民用建筑热湿环境评价标准》作为评价标准。第三章主要总结了徽州地区的建筑和气候特点,指出徽州地区属于亚热带季风气候,年平均温度15.8℃,年平均相对湿度为79%,年平均降雨量1759.7mm,年平均日照时间1815.7h。由于年日照时间长、温度高、降雨量大等特点,使得徽州地区全年大多数时间比较湿热;而徽派建筑是我国南方极具代表性的建筑类型之一,其主要特点包括依山傍水的选址、街巷相连和间距极窄的群落布局、粉墙黛瓦建筑风格以及天井、马头墙等极具特色的建筑元素。第四章主要采用问卷调查、现场测试以及CFD模拟研究建筑通风条件下居住建筑的热舒适性,结果表明:①湿度对徽州地区的居民的热舒适性的影响不明显,徽州地区的居民的耐湿能力都比较强;②由于风速不大,对当地居民的热舒适性的影响不明显;③温度是影响当地居民热舒适性的决定性因素,调查表明在对热感觉基本满意82.05%的被调查者中,对整个热环境满意的高达74.94%。④自然通风条件下,90%满意率的徽州地区居民可接受的舒适温度范围为21.22℃~25.25℃,80%满意率的徽州地区居民可接受的舒适温度范围为16.92℃~28.09℃。⑤徽州地区的传统民居建筑的布局并不是非常有利于自然通风。风环境模拟表明,不同风向的季风对通风效果影响较大,西南风比南风更能促进自然通风。⑥徽州民居的主要通风方式:白天是借助于大门风压和天井的热压相结合自然通风;晚上大门关闭,主要依靠天井的热压通风,通风效果不佳。第五章利用模拟软件分析了徽州地区居住建筑的节能潜力,结果显示:①自然通风条件下,80%满意率的时间是2463小时,90满意率的时间是1735小时,表明徽州地区纯自然通风条件下满足人体舒适性的小时数较小。②采用遮阳措施和被动式太阳能采暖+高热容材料的节能措施的节能潜力最大,分别可以增加969小时和691小时的舒适时间。③全年5月~9月的遮阳措施的节能效果最佳,而被动式太阳能采暖+高热容性材料节能效果最佳的月份是1月~7月和9月~12月。④夏季,空调能耗会随室内空调设定温度的增加而显著地降低,随着窗墙比的增加而显著的增加,且当窗墙比为0.2时,空调温度T=26℃时的能耗最小,要比T=24℃节能17.98%。⑤内遮阳措施的节能效果不显著,可能节能也可能增加能耗。⑥外遮阳措施的节能效果显著,当空调温度T=26℃、窗墙比为0.2的节能效果最佳,比未遮阳时节能66.97%。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the indoor comfort requirements are also increasing, the attendant is the building consumption increased substantially. However, in the background of national vigorously promote energy-saving emission reduction, the excessive consumption of energy to meet the indoor comfort way is not very desirable for natural ventilation. Is a kind of effective means of indoor people can meet the requirements of thermal comfort and energy conservation, the scope of natural ventilation. But people in the different area under the comfort temperature is not the same, and the energy saving effect of different architectural design strategies also have significant differences. The comfort and energy saving potential in this paper Huizhou residential area under the condition of natural ventilation buildings. This paper first introduces and summarizes the research status of natural ventilation under the conditions of residential comfort and At the same time, the current exhibition, summarizes the research on Huizhou area of building environment and energy efficiency, the study pointed out the deficiencies, and put forward their own research content and focus. The second chapter introduces the basic theory of thermal comfort, including influence factors, evaluation index, evaluation model and evaluation standard. This paper chooses PMV-PPD and the operating temperature as the evaluation index, the Fanger model for thermal comfort evaluation model, using ASHRAE 55 and ISO7730 and < civil building thermal environment evaluation standard > as the evaluation criteria. The third chapter mainly summarizes the architecture and the climate characteristic of Huizhou, pointed out that the Huizhou area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, the annual average temperature of 15.8 degrees Celsius, year the average relative humidity is 79%, the average annual rainfall is 1759.7mm, the average annual sunshine time of 1815.7h. years due to long hours of sunshine, high temperature, high rainfall characteristics, makes the Huizhou area throughout the year Most of the time and the comparison of heat; Huizhou architecture of southern China is one of the representative of the type of construction, its main features include the Yard site, linked to the streets and narrow spacing community layout, fenqiangdaiwa architectural style and the courtyard, architectural elements of horsehead walls and other unique features. The fourth chapter mainly adopts questionnaire survey, field test and CFD simulation of the building ventilation conditions of residential building thermal comfort, the results show that the residents of the Huizhou area of the humidity on the thermal comfort effect is not obvious, residents of Huizhou's wet ability is strong; due to the little wind, local residents of thermal comfort did not significantly influence the temperature; are the decisive factors affecting the thermal comfort of local residents, survey shows that under investigation on the thermal sensation is basically satisfactory in 82.05% persons, up to 74.94%. on the thermal environment of natural satisfaction Ventilation conditions, temperature range of residents in Huizhou area 90% satisfaction rate is acceptable for 21.22 DEG ~25.25 DEG, temperature range of residents in Huizhou area of 80% satisfaction rate to 16.92 DEG ~28.09 DEG. The Huizhou area of the traditional dwelling building layout is not very favorable to natural ventilation. Show that the simulation of wind environment different wind direction has great influence on the ventilation effect of the monsoon, southwest wind can promote natural ventilation more than the south wind. The main ventilation style of folk houses in Huizhou: the day is hot with the combination of wind and patio door ventilation; night door closed, mainly rely on hot air raise, poor ventilation effect. In the fifth chapter, by using simulation software analysis of the energy saving potential of the residential buildings in Huizhou, the results showed that under the condition of natural ventilation, the satisfaction rate of the 80% time is 2463 hours, the satisfaction rate of the 90 time is 1735 hours, that Pure natural ventilation conditions in Huizhou region to meet the human body comfortable hours less. The maximum energy saving potential by using energy-saving measures and shading measures of passive solar heating and high heat capacity materials, respectively, can be increased by 969 hours and 691 hours of comfortable time. The energy saving effect of sun shading measures in May ~9 annual month of the best, and passive solar energy heating + high heat capacity effect of energy-saving materials the best month is January ~7 months and ~12 months in September. In the summer, air conditioning energy consumption will increase with the indoor air temperature significantly reduced, with the window wall ratio increase significantly, and when the window wall ratio is 0.2, when the air conditioning temperature T=26 the minimum energy consumption, energy saving effect than T=24 17.98%. in the C energy-saving sunshade measures are not significant, such may also increase energy consumption. Energy saving effect of the sun shading measures significantly, when the air temperature is T=26 DEG C, the ratio of window to wall It has the best energy saving effect of 0.2, and it can be 66.97%.

【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241

【参考文献】