皖南居民被动式设计方法及其节能性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 19:30

本文选题：皖南民居 + 气候分析　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来气候和技术是影响建筑形态和发展过程中的关键性要素。随着当今社会经济的发展,我国建筑面积快速增加,与此同时建筑能耗与能源资源之间的矛盾也日益突出。如何在创造舒适室内环境的同时最大限度的降低建筑能耗是当今建筑行业面临的首要问题。改革开放以来,我国农村地区发展迅速,农村住宅建筑能源需求加速上升。农村住宅如果完全继承传统民居的营造法则,或简单照搬现代城镇住宅设计理论和方法,会导致居住环境质量下降、建筑能耗与污染物排放增加、丰富多样的生态建筑经验和地域建筑文化失传等恶果的出现。因此,针对农村地区民居建筑,研究适用于地域气候环境的被动式建筑是必由之路。本文以皖南地区传统及新建民居实地调研过程中发现的问题为基点,从地域气候特点出发,结合当地居民的人体热舒适需求和适宜的被动式策略提出适合当地的被动式设计方法,并通过软件模拟的方法来验证不同被动式设计策略的节能贡献率以及最优组合方案。通过对皖南地区传统及新建民居的冬夏季室内热环境调研数据进行了综合分析,分析发现皖南传统民居室内现存的主要问题是冬季室内温度偏低且湿度高,而夏季室内温度相对适宜但同样由于湿度大不能满足热舒适需求。当地新建民居在室内热环境方面有一定的改善,但仍旧存在着冬季室内温度偏低,夏季室内湿度过高的问题。地域气候是制约地域建筑形态和适宜被动式技术的主要因素,只有通过准确的地域气候分析才能提出合理的建筑改造和解决方案。本文选用Givoni的建筑气候分析方法,依据当地气候特点构建了适用于皖南地区的建筑气候分析图,并通过分析提出适用于当地的被动式设计策略主要为被动式太阳能和自然通风。通过计算得出了不同被动设计策略的有效利用时间百分比。在气候分析的基础上对不同被动式设计策略的构造要求进行分析。分别通过模拟等技术方法得出被动式太阳能房宜采用直接受益式窗,此外还对增强室内通风和小区通风的构造和规划要求进行了定量分析,计算了皖南地区有效通风时间比。最后通过分析得出适用于皖南地区的最佳被动式设计策略组合模式为建筑保温加屋顶遮阳。在前文分析的基础上采用Energy Plus能耗模拟软件对既有新建民居和改造后的被动式民居进行了采暖/制冷能耗模拟,并对模拟结果进行了分析,得出皖南被动式民居最大节能率可达71%。
[Abstract]:Climate and technology have been the key factors in the process of building shape and development. With the development of society and economy, the building area of our country is increasing rapidly, meanwhile, the contradiction between building energy consumption and energy resources is becoming more and more prominent. How to reduce the building energy consumption while creating comfortable indoor environment is the most important problem facing the construction industry. Since the reform and opening up, rural areas in China have developed rapidly, and the energy demand of rural residential buildings has increased rapidly. If the rural residence completely inherits the construction rule of the traditional residence, or simply copy the modern urban housing design theory and method, it will lead to the decline of the living environment quality, the increase of building energy consumption and pollutant emission. Rich and diverse ecological architecture experience and the loss of regional architectural culture, such as the emergence of evil results. Therefore, it is necessary to study the passive architecture suitable for regional climate environment in rural residential buildings. Based on the problems found in the field investigation of the traditional and newly built houses in southern Anhui, this paper starts from the regional climate characteristics. According to the local residents' thermal comfort needs and the suitable passive strategy, the passive design method is put forward, and the energy saving contribution rate and the optimal combination scheme of different passive design strategies are verified by software simulation. Based on the comprehensive analysis of indoor thermal environment data of traditional and newly built houses in southern Anhui province, it is found that the main problems of indoor thermal environment of traditional residential houses in southern Anhui are low indoor temperature and high humidity in winter. The indoor temperature in summer is relatively suitable, but also because of the humidity can not meet the thermal comfort requirements. The indoor thermal environment of the newly built houses is improved to some extent, but the indoor temperature is low in winter and the indoor humidity is too high in summer. Regional climate is the main factor that restricts the form of regional architecture and the suitable passive technology. Only through the accurate analysis of regional climate can we put forward reasonable architectural transformation and solutions. In this paper, according to the characteristics of local climate, the architectural climate analysis map of southern Anhui is constructed by using Givoni's method of building climate analysis, and the passive design strategies suitable for local area are mainly passive solar energy and natural ventilation. The effective utilization time percentage of different passive design strategies is calculated. On the basis of climate analysis, the construction requirements of different passive design strategies are analyzed. Through simulation and other technical methods, it is concluded that direct beneficial windows should be used in passive solar buildings. In addition, the requirements of construction and planning for enhancing indoor ventilation and district ventilation are quantitatively analyzed, and the effective ventilation time ratio in southern Anhui is calculated. Finally, it is concluded that the best passive design strategy combination mode is building heat preservation and roof shading. Based on the above analysis, the heating / refrigeration energy consumption of existing newly built houses and the passive residential buildings after renovation are simulated by Energy Plus, and the simulation results are analyzed. It is concluded that the maximum energy saving rate of passive residential buildings in southern Anhui can reach 71%.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.91

【参考文献】