变转速纯电驱液压挖掘机能效特性研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 09:06

本文选题：液压挖掘机 + 联合仿真　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：液压挖掘机作为重要的工程机械，广泛应用于建筑施工，，桥梁建设，道路施工等各类施工场所。但是由于工作环境恶劣，负载波动大等因素，现有控制方式存在燃油消耗大、排放严重等问题，在严峻的国际能源危机背景下，其节能性越来越受关注。基于现有技术的液压挖掘机，动力源为发动机，噪声大、污染严重，不适合城市、医院、学校以及一些相对封闭场所的作业。电动液压挖掘机应运而生，并且成为液压挖掘机新的研究方向。本论文以挖掘机系统联合仿真模型和试验研究为基础对电动液压挖掘机的能耗特性进行分析研究。本论文首先对普通液压挖掘机结构组成和工作原理进行介绍，在此基础上提出电动液压挖掘机总体方案，并研究了影响液压泵与变频电机效率的因素，提出了变排量变转速的复合控制策略。该控制策略基于LUDV系统的变排量控制，并将泵的排量作为变转速的控制目标，以达到降低整机能耗的目的。详细研究了挖掘机液压系统结构组成与工作原理，建立了LUDV系统的仿真模型。介绍了挖掘机工作装置的结构组成，并利用Pro/E软件建立了挖掘机整机的三维模型，然后通过SimulationX的接口，将整机的三维模型导入SimulationX中，建立了工作装置多体动力学仿真模型，并通过试验验证了液压系统与工作装置仿真模型的准确性。利用台架试验测试出发动机不同转速、不同扭矩下的油耗率，之后将数据导入SimulationX软件中，利用发动机万有特性曲线数据并结合数学方程建立发动机的仿真模型。在研究变频器以及电动机工作原理的基础上，利用SimulationX软件建立变频器与电动机的仿真模型，并用试验验证模型的准确性。在各部分仿真模型以及挖掘阻力模型基础上，建立普通液压挖掘机机液联合仿真模型，以及电动液压挖掘机机电液联合仿真模型，针对挖掘机典型工作过程，对两种液压挖掘机的能耗特性进行仿真分析。结果表明：与普通液压挖掘机相比，电动液压挖掘机可以节约运营成本30%以上，有效的降低了挖掘机的运营成本。为了进一步的提高电动液压挖掘机的节能性，针对挖掘机典型工作过程，研究了电动液压挖掘机不同“泵排量目标值”下以及不同转速范围下的能量消耗情况。仿真结果表明：电机的转速设定为1200-1500rpm，“泵排量目标值”设定为0.9时，电动液压挖掘机耗电量最少。对电动液压挖掘机的设计研究有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:As an important construction machinery, hydraulic excavator is widely used in construction, bridge construction, road construction and other construction sites. However, due to the bad working environment, large load fluctuation and other factors, the existing control methods have problems such as large fuel consumption, serious emissions, etc. In the severe international energy crisis, its energy conservation has been paid more and more attention. The hydraulic excavator based on the prior art is powered by an engine, which is noisy and polluted. It is not suitable for the operation of cities, hospitals, schools and some relatively closed places. The electric hydraulic excavator emerges as the times require, and becomes the new research direction of the hydraulic excavator. Based on the joint simulation model and experimental study of excavator system, the energy consumption characteristics of electrohydraulic excavator are analyzed and studied in this paper. In this paper, the structure and working principle of the hydraulic excavator are introduced, and the overall scheme of the hydraulic excavator is put forward, and the factors that affect the efficiency of hydraulic pump and frequency conversion motor are studied. A compound control strategy with variable displacement and variable speed is proposed. The control strategy is based on the variable displacement control of LUDV system, and the pump displacement is regarded as the control target of variable rotational speed, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the whole machine. The structure and working principle of hydraulic system of excavator are studied in detail, and the simulation model of LUDV system is established. This paper introduces the structure and composition of the excavator working device, and establishes the 3D model of the excavator by using Pro/E software. Then, through the interface of SimulationX, the 3D model of the excavator is imported into SimulationX, and the multi-body dynamics simulation model of the working device is established. The accuracy of the simulation model of hydraulic system and working device is verified by experiments. The fuel consumption rate at different engine speeds and torques was measured by bench test. Then the data were imported into SimulationX software and the engine simulation model was established by using the engine universal characteristic curve data and combined with mathematical equations. On the basis of studying the working principle of inverter and motor, the simulation model of inverter and motor is established by using SimulationX software, and the veracity of the model is verified by experiments. On the basis of the simulation model and the excavating resistance model, the common hydraulic excavator combined simulation model and the electrohydraulic electrohydraulic simulation model are established, aiming at the typical working process of the excavator. The energy consumption characteristics of two hydraulic excavators are simulated and analyzed. The results show that compared with the conventional hydraulic excavator, the electro hydraulic excavator can save more than 30% of the operating cost, and effectively reduce the operating cost of the excavator. In order to further improve the energy saving performance of electric hydraulic excavator, the energy consumption under different "pump displacement target value" and different speed range of electric hydraulic excavator is studied according to the typical working process of excavator. The simulation results show that when the speed of motor is set to 1200-1500rpm and the target of pump displacement is set to 0.9, the electric power consumption of the hydraulic excavator is the least. It has certain guiding significance for the design and research of electric hydraulic excavator.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU621

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