湖南地区农村住宅围护结构调研及保温隔热性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 13:46

本文选题：农村住宅 + 保温隔热　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会和经济的快速发展,建筑节能已经成为我国可持续发展的重要组成部分。近年来,农村住宅以每年5-7亿m2的建设速度发展,其能源的消耗也必然在不断增加。随着新型城镇化建设的进行,农村居民对住宅环境舒适度的要求变得越来越高,为了缓解农村住宅室内热舒适性较差的问题,大多数居民盲目的使用空调,由于现有的农村住宅围护结构保温隔热性能比较差,这样势必会造成更大的能源浪费。因此,针对适用于湖南农村地区围护结构保温隔热体系的研究就显得尤为重要。本文首先通过对湖南地区370户农村居民进行问卷调研,发现该地区的农村住宅63.2%为二层建筑,基底面积超过100m2的比例超过80%。对于该地区围护结构的外墙、屋顶及门窗,其中外墙主要是“二四墙”,且墙体材料多为实心粘土砖,占所有墙体的75.7%;农村住宅的屋顶多为坡屋顶,含有坡屋顶的住宅占该地区所有住宅的83.2%;湖南农村地区的窗户以单层铝合金为主,其比例达到了55.1%,且窗墙比明显偏大。湖南地区农村住宅的外墙基本没有采取任何保温隔热措施,且存在规划不合理、缺乏技术支持和节能意识薄弱等问题。其次,基于调研结果,本文使用Design Builder软件对湖南农村地区比较常见的不同形式建筑进行建模分析,得出了该地区农村住宅围护结构中外墙所占围护结构总耗热量的比例最大为50.6%-56.1%(其中坡屋顶形式住宅的外墙占围护结构总耗热量56.1%;平屋顶形式住宅的外墙占围护结构总耗热量的50.6%)。通过敏感性分析,确定外墙为农村住宅围护结构的研究重点。针对湖南地区几种常见的外墙保温隔热材料进行模拟分析,得到挤塑聚苯板(XPS板)的节能率最大,其节能率提高了21.4%,综合其他性能方面的比较分析,确定XPS板作为湖南地区农村住宅最佳的保温隔热材料。最后,通过对不同厚度的保温隔热材料进行模拟研究,结果表明随着保温层厚度的增加,全年累计耗冷量指标和全年总冷热量指标均逐渐下降,当保温层厚度达到20mm时,全年累计耗冷量指标下降趋势将不再明显,当保温层厚度达到40mm时,全年总冷热量指标的下降趋势也将不再明显。综合考虑到生命周期内供暖空调及保温材料费用,当外墙保温层的厚度为30mm时,建筑生命周期内所对应的总费用最低。因此,湖南地区农村住宅外墙保温隔热体系最佳保温厚度为30mm左右。本文的研究结果表明,湖南地区农村住宅围护结构的墙体保温隔热技术可以很好的提高建筑的节能效益,同时也为既有住宅的节能改造提供一定的应用价值和理论依据,为今后湖南地区农村住宅节能技术的发展起到推动作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, building energy conservation has become an important part of sustainable development in China. In recent years, rural housing is developing at a speed of 5-700 million m2 per year, and its energy consumption is bound to increase. With the development of new urbanization, the demand of rural residents for the comfort of residential environment becomes higher and higher. In order to alleviate the problem of poor indoor thermal comfort of rural housing, most residents blindly use air conditioning. Because of the poor thermal insulation performance of the existing rural housing enclosure, this will inevitably lead to a greater energy waste. Therefore, it is very important to study the insulation system of enclosure structure in rural area of Hunan province. Through the questionnaire survey of 370families of rural residents in Hunan province, it is found that 63.2% of the rural residential buildings in this area are two-story buildings, and the proportion of base area exceeding 100m2 is over 80%. For the exterior walls, roofs and doors and windows of the surrounding structures in this area, the outer walls are mainly "two or four walls", and most of the wall materials are solid clay bricks, accounting for 75.7% of all the walls, and the roofs of rural houses are mostly sloping roofs. The housing with sloping roof accounts for 83.2% of all the houses in this area, and the ratio of window to wall is 55.1 in the rural area of Hunan Province, and the ratio of window to wall is obviously larger. The exterior wall of rural residential buildings in Hunan area has not taken any measures of insulation and insulation, and there are some problems such as unreasonable planning, lack of technical support and weak awareness of energy conservation, etc. Secondly, based on the research results, this paper uses Design Builder software to model and analyze the different forms of buildings in rural areas of Hunan Province. It is concluded that the largest proportion of the total heat consumption of the exterior wall in the surrounding structure of rural residential buildings in this area is 50.6% -56.1% (56.1% of the total heat consumption of the exterior wall of the sloping roof type residence and 50.6% of the total heat consumption of the enclosure structure of the flat roof type residence. Through sensitivity analysis, the external wall is determined to be the focal point of the research on the enclosure structure of rural housing. Based on the simulation and analysis of several kinds of common exterior wall thermal insulation materials in Hunan area, the results show that the energy saving rate of extruded polystyrene board is the highest, and its energy saving rate has been increased by 21.40.Compared with the comparison and analysis of other properties, XPS board is determined as the best thermal insulation material for rural housing in Hunan province. Finally, through the simulation of different thickness thermal insulation materials, the results show that with the increase of the thickness of the insulation layer, the cumulative cooling consumption index and the annual total cooling heat index of the whole year are decreased gradually, when the thickness of the insulation layer reaches 20mm, The decrease trend of total cooling heat index will not be obvious when the thickness of insulation layer reaches 40mm. Considering the cost of heating, air conditioning and heat preservation materials in the life cycle, when the thickness of the insulation layer of the external wall is 30mm, the total cost corresponding to the life cycle of the building is the lowest. Therefore, the best thermal insulation system of rural residential exterior wall in Hunan area is about 30mm. The research results of this paper show that the wall heat preservation and heat insulation technology of rural housing envelope structure in Hunan area can improve the energy saving benefit of the building, and also provide certain applied value and theoretical basis for the energy saving reconstruction of the existing residence. It will promote the development of energy-saving technology of rural housing in Hunan area in the future.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU111.41

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