公共建筑中央空调系统优化运行研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 17:43

本文选题：优化运行 + 模糊PID　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,能源的需求量也大幅增加,能源问题日益突出,建筑节能已经成为研究热点。建筑能耗在国民经济总能耗中的比重较大。随着中央空调系统的普及,空调系统的能耗在建筑用能中的比例逐年上升。由于实际工况和设计工况的差别,消耗在动力设备上的能耗不容小觑。因此,为了减少空调系统的能耗,需要对中央空调系统中的各个环路展开优化运行研究。本文主要研究内容是中央空调系统的优化运行。论文通过对所监测典型气象数据进行分析,总结出某公共建筑空调负荷特点,并按照中央空调系统实际特点提出较实用节能评价指标；动力设备主要是冷冻水泵,被控参数是集水器各支路回水温度、冷冻水泵流量,对应执行机构是各回水支路电动调节阀、冷冻水泵变频器。为使得流量和冷负荷在各管路间的分配均衡,采用模糊PID控制器控制各支路回水温度,本文在MATLAB中建立了自适应模糊PID和常规PID两种模型,并在Simulink中通过改变量化因子、加入干扰对控制响应曲线进行分析,从而为优化运行策略提供参考。主机的变水温控制,主要是考虑提高主机蒸发温度实现主机节能,通过设定较高的蒸发器出水温度实现变水温优化运行,从而减少压缩机功耗,论文也分析了变水温模式下对末端风盘换热的影响；优化主机加减机策略,实现主机梯度加减载。冷却环路水力简单,不容易出现水力失调的情况,本研究中采用MPC控制模型,按照冷却塔换热效率数学模型可以推测出一定冷却水流量、风量下所对应的出水温度。通过上位机直接完成推理计算,对执行机构控制。数学模型有三个参数需要试验确定,参数拟合的准确与否关系到控制的优劣。通过整体优化,实现中央空调系统的最终节能目标。当监测到室外气温升高,对应负荷升高,冷冻和冷却水泵频率智能切换至对应负荷下的典型工况,实现流量自动化控制,本研究对中央空调系统优化运行工程应用具有参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the demand for energy is increasing greatly, and the energy problem is becoming more and more serious. Energy saving in buildings has become a hot research topic. Building energy consumption has a large proportion in the total energy consumption of the national economy. With the popularization of central air conditioning system, the proportion of energy consumption in building energy is increasing year by year. Due to the difference between actual working conditions and design conditions, the energy consumption on power equipment should not be underestimated. Therefore, in order to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning system, it is necessary to study the optimal operation of each loop in central air conditioning system. The main research content of this paper is the optimization operation of central air-conditioning system. Based on the analysis of typical meteorological data monitored, the paper summarizes the characteristics of air conditioning load in a public building, and puts forward a practical energy saving evaluation index according to the actual characteristics of central air conditioning system. The controlled parameters are the backwater temperature of each branch of the collector, the flow rate of the chilled water pump, and the corresponding executing mechanism is the electric regulating valve of the backwater branch and the converter of the chilled water pump. In order to balance the distribution of flow rate and cooling load among pipes, fuzzy PID controller is used to control the backwater temperature of each branch. In this paper, two models of adaptive fuzzy PID and conventional PID are established in MATLAB, and the quantization factor is changed in Simulink. The control response curve is analyzed by adding disturbance, which provides a reference for optimizing operation strategy. The main purpose of the variable water temperature control of the main engine is to increase the evaporation temperature of the main engine to realize the energy saving of the main engine, and to optimize the operation of the variable water temperature by setting a higher outlet temperature of the evaporator, thus reducing the power consumption of the compressor. The paper also analyzes the effect of variable water temperature on the heat transfer of the terminal air disk, and optimizes the strategy of adding and reducing the main engine to realize the gradient load increase and decrease of the main engine. The cooling loop is simple in hydraulic power, so it is not easy to occur hydraulic imbalance. In this study, MPC control model is adopted, according to the mathematical model of cooling tower heat transfer efficiency, the corresponding outlet temperature under certain cooling water flow and air volume can be inferred. The reasoning calculation is completed directly by the upper computer, and the executive mechanism is controlled. The mathematical model has three parameters that need to be determined by experiment, and the accuracy of parameter fitting is related to the quality of the control. Through the overall optimization, realize the final energy saving goal of central air conditioning system. When the outdoor temperature is increased and the load is increased, the frequency of refrigerating and cooling pumps is intelligently switched to the typical working condition under corresponding load to realize the automatic flow control. This research has the reference value to the central air conditioning system optimization operation engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU831

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