基于秸秆能源的黑龙江省村镇生活热能复合供应模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 12:30

本文选题：农村地区 + 可再生能源　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：黑龙江省秸秆资源十分丰富,具有推广秸秆能源化利用技术的资源条件。利用秸秆可再生能源在农村及小城镇地区构建供暖、供燃气基础设施,是符合城乡一体化建设方向,体现小城镇“服务农村、带动周边”功能的发展理念,也是秸秆可再生能源“因地制宜,多能互补”的利用策略。本文以黑龙江省村镇地区为研究区域,在农村居民生活用热量化研究的基础上,研究省内各地秸秆可用量与村镇地区生活热需求之间的供需关系,进而提出采用秸秆能源化利用技术的小城镇与农村地区生活热能供应模式,并对其中的供暖系统以适宜的评价指标进行能源、经济、环境等方面效益的研究。首先,在黑龙江省农村地区进行生活用能情况实地调查,分析农村居民的生活用能特征并计算相应的炊事与供暖年热需求指标,进而获得黑龙江省农村地区生活用热的年需求量。调查结果显示,秸秆是黑龙江省农村地区最主要的生活能源,在绝大多数农户中均有使用,但生物质燃料的综合效率仅为27.4%。黑龙江省农村供暖年热需求指标为364MJ/(m2·a),约等于当地城镇1-3层节能建筑的368MJ/(m2·a);农村炊事年热需求指标为935MJ/(人·a),低于城镇的1036MJ/(人·a)。黑龙江省农村居民的供暖年热需求总量为1.76×1011MJ/a,为炊事年热需求的近10倍。第二,提出秸秆能源化供应能力的概念,用以评价不同秸秆能源化利用技术下区域秸秆资源与生活热需求之间的能量供需关系,在黑龙江省13个地级行政区的农村地区进行秸秆供需关系的分区评估。结果表明各农村地区均适宜采用秸秆固化技术,其中7地同时具有采用秸秆干馏气化技术的资源条件。固化供暖、干馏气化供炊事的技术组合方式在除七台河外的各农村地区具有资源供应可行性,其中10地供应能力达1.5以上,将有丰富的剩余秸秆。第三,基于以上秸秆资源在农村地区的供需关系研究结果,结合黑龙江省小城镇与农村地区生活用能现状及国家城乡一体化发展要求,提出一种以小城镇为中心覆盖周边农村地区,以秸秆干馏气化供应炊事燃气,以燃煤热电机组/燃煤锅炉和秸秆锅炉为集中供暖热源,辅以固化户燃供暖的村镇生活热能复合供应模式,并以秸秆能源化供应能力为指标对该模式在黑龙江省村镇地区的资源供应可行性进行分区评估。分析结果表明,村镇生活热能复合供应模式的供应能力在黑龙江省10个地区均大于1,在耕地集中、秸秆资源丰富的松嫩平原和三江平原地区则达1.5以上,具有很好的资源供应可行性。第四,以采用燃煤热电厂和秸秆调峰锅炉房形式的村镇复合集中供暖热源子系统为研究对象,根据系统特点,提出化石能源相对节约率作为热源化石能源替代效益的评价指标,并以该指标和一次能源相对节约率为优化目标建立优化模型,对热源的合理配置及能源效益进行分析。分析结果表明,村镇复合集中供暖系统以B12、B25型背压式热电机组为适宜的基本热源,热源子系统相对当前供暖、供电形式可节约10.9~32.7%的化石能源(燃煤)和22.1~33.1%的一次能源(燃煤和秸秆),且B12机组配置的综合能源效益高于B25机组。第五,以村镇复合集中供暖热网子系统为研究对象,进行如下两项研究:1)分析不同形式热网在供暖期内热媒温度、流量的变化特征,发现农村二级网调峰系统中城镇、农村一级网各自的流量变化趋势和回水温度均有较大差异,需分别监控并采取联合调节;2)提出平均耗电输热比作为热量输送能耗的评价指标,基于该指标对村镇复合集中供暖系统的热量输送能耗及适宜供暖半径进行分析,得出适宜供暖半径一般在7km以内,当系统为农村二级网调峰且城镇热负荷占总热负荷比例不小于0.7,或系统为一级网集中调峰且城镇热负荷占总热负荷比例不小于0.8时,适宜半径原则上可扩大至13km。第六,以黑龙江省某典型的村镇体系为例,分析村镇复合集中供暖系统在不同方案下的经济效益。分析结果表明:采用秸秆固化燃料、农村二级网调峰、农村热力站近村布置的方案具有最佳经济效益,年计算费用为10926.0万元/a,相对于村镇体系内当前年供暖费用之和可降低271.3万元/a。该方案单位面积单位热量的供暖成本分别为26.66元/(m2·a)和56.73元/GJ,同城镇既有集中供暖系统相比分别降为其81.6%和85.7%;同农村当前分户供暖形式相比分别升为其2.6倍和2倍,但可免除农村居民供暖所需的时间和劳动量,提高供暖质量并改善室内空气环境。最后,利用新一代大气环境影响评价法规模型AERMOD对村镇复合集中供暖系统的环境效益进行分析评价。评价结果显示,村镇复合集中供暖系统的SO2、NOx、TSP日均浓度极值分别为4.71、11.01和4.49μg/m3,仅分别为当前供暖模式的3%、19%和7%,且当前供暖模式下SO2日均浓度的极值达162.53μg/m3,超过国家标准规定的限值150μg/m3。村镇复合集中供暖系统环境效益显著,且不同的系统设计方案间无明显差异。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang province has rich straw resources, which has the resource conditions to popularize straw energy utilization technology. Using straw renewable energy in rural and small town areas to build heating, supply gas infrastructure, is in line with the direction of urban and rural integration, and embodies the development concept of "serving the rural village, driving the surrounding" function in small towns, and is also straw. Based on the research area of rural residents' living calorie in Heilongjiang Province, this paper studies the supply and demand relationship between the amount of straw and the hot demand in villages and towns, and then puts forward the small straw energy utilization technology. The thermal energy supply mode of urban and rural areas, and the study of energy, economy, environment and other aspects of the heating system in which the heating system is suitable. First, in the rural area of Heilongjiang, the field investigation of the living energy is carried out in the rural areas, the characteristics of the living energy of the rural residents are analyzed and the corresponding cooking and heating annual heat are calculated. The demand index is used to obtain the annual demand for living heat in rural areas of Heilongjiang province. The results show that straw is the most important living energy in rural areas of Heilongjiang Province, and it is used among the vast majority of farmers, but the comprehensive efficiency of biomass fuel is only 364MJ/ (m2. A) in the rural heating demand of 27.4%. Heilongjiang province. Equal to 368MJ/ (m2. A) of 1-3 layers of energy saving buildings in local towns; the annual heat demand index of rural cooking is 935MJ/ (human. A), lower than that of town 1036MJ/ (man. A). The heating demand of rural residents in Heilongjiang province is 1.76 x 1011MJ/a, which is nearly 10 times the heat demand of cooking years. Second, the concept of energy supply capacity of straw is put forward to evaluate not The relationship between the energy supply and demand of straw resources and the demand of living heat under the same straw energy utilization technology is carried out in the rural areas of 13 local administrative regions of Heilongjiang province. The results show that straw curing technology is suitable for all rural areas, and 7 of them have straw gasification technology at the same time. The technical combination of the curing heating and the dry distillation gasification for cooking has the feasibility of resource supply in all rural areas except Qitaihe, of which 10 of them supply more than 1.5, and there will be abundant residual straw. Third, based on the results of the study on the supply and demand of the above straw resources in the rural areas, and in combination with the small Heilongjiang Province The current situation of living energy in urban and rural areas and the requirements of the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the country, a kind of small town is put forward to cover the surrounding rural areas, and the straw dry distillation gasification is used to supply cooking gas, and the coal-fired thermoelectric unit / coal-fired boiler and straw boiler are the central heating source, and the village and town living heat combined with the solidified household heating is used as the compound supply. The model was used to evaluate the resource supply feasibility of the model in the village and town area of Heilongjiang province with the energy supply capacity of straw. The results showed that the supply capacity of the village and town's thermal energy compound supply mode was more than 1 in the 10 regions of Heilongjiang Province, concentrated in the ploughed land, and the straw resources were rich in the Songnen Plain and Sanjiang. The plain area is more than 1.5 and has a good resource supply feasibility. Fourth, based on the system characteristics, the relative saving rate of fossil energy is used as the evaluation index for the replacement benefit of fossil energy sources. The optimization model is set up for the target and the relative saving rate of one energy, and the rational allocation and energy efficiency of the heat source are analyzed. The results show that the village town compound central heating system takes B12 and B25 back pressure thermoelectric unit as the suitable basic heat source, the heat source subsystem is relative to the current heating, and the form of power supply can save 10.9~32.7% The first energy (coal and straw) of fossil energy (coal burning) and 22.1~33.1%, and the comprehensive energy efficiency of B12 unit configuration is higher than that of B25 unit. Fifth, taking the village and town compound central heating network subsystem as the research object, the following two studies are carried out: 1) analysis the heat medium temperature in the heating period and the change characteristics of the flow in the heating period, and find the rural area. In the two level net peak regulating system, there are great differences in the flow trend and the return temperature of the rural first level network. It is necessary to monitor and adopt the joint adjustment. 2) the average power consumption heat ratio is considered as the evaluation index of the energy consumption of the heat transfer, and the energy consumption and the suitable heating of the village and town compound central heating system based on this index The radius is analyzed, and the suitable heating radius is generally within 7km. When the system is the two stage network in the countryside and the urban heat load is not less than 0.7 of the total heat load, or the system is centralized and the urban heat load is not less than 0.8 of the total heat load, the suitable radius can be extended to 13km. sixth in principle, which is in Heilongjiang province. A typical village and town system is taken as an example to analyze the economic benefits of the village and town compound central heating system under different schemes. The results show that the best economic benefit is obtained by using the straw solidified fuel, the rural two stage network peak adjustment and the village heating station near the village layout. The annual calculation cost is 109 million 260 thousand yuan /a, compared with the current annual heating in the village and town system. The cost of the sum can be reduced by 2 million 713 thousand yuan /a.. The heating cost per unit area of the unit area is 26.66 yuan / (M2 a) and 56.73 yuan /GJ respectively. Compared with the urban central heating system, the heating cost is reduced to 81.6% and 85.7% respectively. Compared with the current household heating forms in the rural areas, the heating costs are up to 2.6 and 2 times respectively, but can be exempt from the heating of rural residents. The heating quality was improved and the indoor air environment was improved. Finally, the new generation of atmospheric environmental impact assessment regulatory model AERMOD was used to evaluate the environmental benefits of the village and town central heating system. The results showed that the average daily concentration of SO2, NOx and TSP in the village and town central heating system was 4.71,11.01 and 4.71,11.01, respectively. 4.49 mu g/m3, only 3%, 19% and 7% of the current heating mode, and the extreme value of the average daily concentration of SO2 under the current heating mode is 162.53 mu g/m3, and the environmental benefits of the village and town central heating system with the limit value of the national standard are significant, and there is no obvious difference between the different system design schemes.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU832

【引证文献】