基于3S技术的村域农村居民点分布特征及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:21

本文选题：3S技术 + 农村居民点　；参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地优化布局研究是对土地的类别、数量、空间结构等进行合理配置,对土地空间位置进行科学布局,并在空间上建立相互联系,使集约节约利用土地程度最大化。农村居民点作为一种十分重要的土地利用类别,其优化布局有利于节约土地和统筹城乡协调发展。相关研究已经成为学术界研究的热点,其研究方法也开始由定性分析向定量分析转变,其中,空间统计学与空间分析为农村居民点布局优化研究注入了新的活力,而伴随着3S技术的长足发展,为数据空间化、数据管理与数据分析提供了良好基础,为农村居民点空间布置优化提供技术支撑,同时也丰富了GIS的应用领域。本研究以四川省安县塔水镇3个村为研究区,以空间统计学理论为支撑,以3S技术为手段,综合多种定量分析方法,从信息获取、信息处理、信息反馈三个层次对农村居民点分布特征、影响因素进行研究,实现农村居民点的布局优化,建立农村居民点布局调整方案拟定的体系。论文的主要研究内容和结论包括：(1)通过对农村居民点总体特征、离散特征和空间分布特征分析,农村居民点布局特征表现为数量多而规模小,分布零散,进一步对村域农村居民点影响因素分析发现,受到十多年农村土地综合整治和新农村建设活动的影响,居民点布局已经形成新的布局模式,本研究中将居民点布局模式抽象化为三种：即点状布局模式、线状布局模式、块状布局模式。(2)研究开展对居民点的GIS空间分析和统计分析,结合景观格局指数研究发现,研究区的农村居民点布局主要受地形条件、交通道路、行政村中心、水域及水利设施和耕作环境的影响。在进行缓冲区分析的过程中,随着道路、中心村、水域及水利设施、耕地缓冲半径的改变,居民点的空间格局也呈规律性变化。(3)本研究在综合考虑了自然、社会、经济和环境因素对农村居民点布局的影响基础上,利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能,构建了村域范围的农村居民点空间优化建议,将居民点分为优集中聚居型、拆迁型和保留型3种类型。综上,论文对村域农村居民点分布特征进行了研究,并提出了空间布局优化建议。研究结果表明,3S技术与其他多种定性和定量分析方法结合能够全面地从农村居民点信息获取、信息处理和信息反馈三个阶段对农村居民点的空间布局特征开展研究,最终实现居民点优化布局,同时,空间优化布局方案可为农村土地综合整治以及社会主义新农村建设提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:The study of land optimal layout is to make rational allocation of land category, quantity, spatial structure, scientific layout of land spatial position, and establish mutual relation in space, so as to maximize the degree of intensive land saving and utilization. As a very important land use category, the optimization of rural residential land distribution is conducive to saving land and coordinating the development of urban and rural areas. The related research has become a hot topic in academic circles, and its research methods have also begun to change from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis. Among them, spatial statistics and spatial analysis have injected new vitality into the study of rural residential distribution optimization. With the rapid development of 3s technology, it provides a good basis for data spatialization, data management and data analysis, provides technical support for the optimization of rural residential spatial layout, and enriches the application field of GIS. This study takes three villages of Tashui Town, an County, Sichuan Province as the research area, takes the spatial statistics theory as the support, takes the 3s technology as the means, synthesizes many quantitative analysis methods, from the information obtains, the information processing, This paper studies the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural residential areas in three levels of information feedback, realizes the layout optimization of rural residential areas, and establishes the system of rural residential distribution adjustment schemes. The main contents and conclusions of this paper include: (1) by analyzing the general characteristics, discrete characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential areas, the characteristics of rural residential distribution are as follows: large number and small scale, scattered distribution. Further analysis of the influencing factors of rural residential areas in the village area shows that, under the influence of comprehensive rural land renovation and new rural construction activities for more than a decade, the residential area layout has formed a new layout model. In this study, the residential layout model is abstracted into three types: point layout model, linear layout model, block layout model. The GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis of residential areas are carried out. The distribution of rural residential areas in the study area is mainly affected by terrain conditions, traffic roads, administrative village centers, water bodies, water conservancy facilities and farming environment. In the process of buffer zone analysis, with the changes of roads, central villages, water resources and water conservancy facilities, and the buffer radius of cultivated land, the spatial pattern of residential areas also shows regular changes. On the basis of the influence of economic and environmental factors on the distribution of rural residential areas, using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, the paper constructs the space optimization suggestion of rural residential areas in the village domain, and divides the residential areas into the optimal concentrated settlement type. Demolition type and reservation type three types. In summary, the paper studies the distribution characteristics of rural residential areas in the village area, and puts forward some suggestions for the optimization of spatial distribution. The results show that the combination of Q3S technology and other qualitative and quantitative methods can comprehensively study the spatial distribution characteristics of rural residential areas from the three stages of information acquisition, information processing and information feedback. Finally, the optimal layout of residential areas can be realized. At the same time, the spatial optimal layout scheme can provide scientific basis for the comprehensive renovation of rural land and the construction of new socialist countryside.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29

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