基于老年人可达性的哈尔滨主城区公共绿地系统优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 06:25

本文选题：老年人 + 冬季　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市公共绿地是居民日常出行活动的重要场所,且伴随人口老龄化时代的来临,老年人逐渐成为绿地使用的主要群体且比重不断上升;伴随着哈尔滨城市化的快速进行,建设用地对绿地的侵占、快速交通对城市的分割以及新建住区绿地私有化等问题的加剧,老年人冬季城市公共绿地可达性问题加剧;而GIS技术在可达性领域的应用为绿地可达性评价提供了准确有效的途径。由此,研究目的主要包括:依据调研结果并采用SPSS,统计哈尔滨市主城区老年人冬季公共绿地出行方式和出行时长;依据统计分析结果并采用GIS技术,评价哈尔滨市老年人冬季公共绿地可达性现状;依据可达性分析结果,探讨哈尔滨市公共绿地可达性优化方案。研究的理论意义包括:基于可达性的公共绿地系统优化研究,填补了传统传统评价指标在绿地系统使用评价方面的不足;基于可达性的公共绿地系统优化方法,缓解乃至解决了公共绿地系统服务的公平性和有效性问题;基于调研统计结果,研究评定了冬季各类公共绿地对老年人吸引力等级并为可达性评价提供了依据。研究的实际意义包括:得出了哈尔滨主城区冬季老年人公共绿地可达性现状;提出了主城区公共绿地系统优化策略和分区公共绿地系统优化方案。文章结合了哈尔滨市老年人公共绿地使用现状,近一步界定了公共绿地概念,使之更加符合居民日常使用状况;此外,还探讨了公共绿地可达性的影响因素,并以此为依据选择考虑因素相对全面、评价结果相对客观的网络分析法作为可达性评价方法;而哈尔滨市主城区老年人冬季公共绿地可达性分析则主要包括老年人公共绿地出行调研分析和老年人冬季公共绿地可达性评价两部分,其中可达性评价又包括老年人冬季公共绿地步行可达性分析、老年人步行可达性对比分析、老年人公共绿地非机动车可达性分析和老年人公共绿地机动车可达性分析四部分,以求系统、全面的评价不同类型公共绿地的可达性现状;主城区尺度下的公共绿地优化策略从优化绿地空间分布、完善绿色街道交通网络、游憩绿网体系初步构建三方面出发,解决公共绿地系统服务的公平性和有效性问题,并在优化策略可达性分析结果的基础上,以可达性问题突出的城区为例探讨了分区绿地可达性优化方案并同分区可达性现状进行了对比分析。论文主要研究方法包括调研分析法、网络分析法和典型案例研究法。研究结果表明:哈尔滨市主城区老年人冬季公共绿地出行方式单一且以步行为主、出行时长明显短于夏季,平均缩短5min左右;老年人冬季公共绿地步行可达性服务面积比仅为52.64%——可达性问题突出,其中松北区、呼兰区、平房区公共绿地步行可达性差且服务面积比均低于40%,松花江以南其它区域虽可达性较好,但也存在散布的可达性水平低的居住区斑块;夏季绿地步行可达性服务面积比冬季高8.44%——冬夏绿地步行可达性差异明显;此外,各类公园绿地也存在一定的可达性问题,其中带状公园绿地、社区公园绿地、广场绿地可达性问题较为突出,而综合公园绿地、专类公园绿地可达性较好。哈尔滨市城市公共绿地分布不合理是导致可达性问题突出的最主要原因,城市快速交通系统也极大的影响了慢行交通系统的连通性和有效性。结合城市环境现状、在可达性分析结果的基础上,笔者从公共绿地布局优化、绿色道路交通网络完善、游憩绿网系统构建三方面提出了主城区绿地系统优化策略;在优化策略可达性分析结果的基础上,选择存在可达性问题相对典型的一个分区,从分区网路结构完善、分区绿地布局优化和分区游憩绿网完善三方面提出了区域可达性优化方案;最终,研究还对分区公共绿地优化方案进行了可达性分析,优化后绿地服务面积比明显提升且基本满足居民对公共绿地可达性的需求。
[Abstract]:Urban public green space is an important place for daily travel activities of the residents, and with the coming of the age of population aging, the elderly gradually become the main group of green space use, and the proportion is rising constantly. With the rapid urbanization of Harbin, the construction land is occupied by the green space, the rapid transportation to the city and the new residential green space. The problem of privatization is intensifying, and the accessibility of urban public green space is aggravated by the elderly in winter, and the application of GIS technology in accessibility provides an accurate and effective way to evaluate the accessibility of green space. Therefore, the purpose of this study mainly includes: according to the results of investigation and the use of SPSS, the public green space of the elderly in the main urban area of Harbin city is counted. According to the results of statistical analysis and GIS technology, the accessibility of public green space in Harbin was evaluated. According to the results of accessibility analysis, the optimization scheme of accessibility of public green space in Harbin was discussed. The theoretical significance of the study included the optimization of public green space system based on accessibility. The traditional evaluation index is insufficient in the use of green space system, and the public green space system optimization method based on accessibility alleviated even the fairness and effectiveness of the public green space system service. Based on the survey and statistical results, the study evaluated the attractiveness grade of various public green spaces to the elderly in winter and evaluated the accessibility. The practical significance of the study includes the status of accessibility of public green space for the elderly in the main city of Harbin, the optimization strategy of public green space system in the main city and the optimization scheme of the partitioned public green space system. The article combines the present situation of the public green land use of the elderly in Harbin, and defines the public green space nearly one step. In addition, the influence factors of accessibility of public green space are discussed, and the network analysis method, which is relatively comprehensive and objective, is selected as the accessibility evaluation method, and the accessibility analysis of the public green space in the main urban area of Harbin is mainly based on this. There are two parts of public green space travel investigation and analysis of elderly people and public green space accessibility evaluation of old people in winter. The accessibility evaluation includes the walking accessibility analysis of the old people's public green space, the comparative analysis of the walking accessibility of the elderly, the accessibility analysis of the non motor vehicles in the public green space of the elderly and the motor vehicle in the public green space of the elderly The four part of accessibility analysis, in order to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the accessibility of different types of public green space; the optimization strategy of public green space under the main city scale is to optimize the spatial distribution of green space, improve the green street traffic network, and establish the preliminary construction of the recreational green network system in three aspects, to solve the fairness and effectiveness of the public green space system service. On the basis of the results of the optimization of the accessibility analysis, the optimal scheme for the accessibility of the green space is discussed, and the comparative analysis of the accessibility with the zoning is made. The main research methods of this paper include the investigation and analysis method, the network analysis method and the typical case study. The old people's winter public green space in the main urban area of Harbin city is single and walking mainly, the time of travel is shorter than that in summer, the average shorter than 5min, and the walking accessibility area of the public green space in the old people is only 52.64% - the accessibility problem is prominent, among which Songbei, Hulan district and the public green space in the bungalow area are walking accessibility The area ratio of service area is less than 40%, although the accessibility of other areas in the south of Songhua River is better, but there are also scattered residential patches with low accessibility level. In summer, the accessibility service area of green space is 8.44% higher than that in winter, and the walking accessibility of green space in winter and summer is obvious. Among them, the accessibility of the belt park green space, the community park green space, the square green space is more outstanding, and the comprehensive park green space, the special park green space reachability is good. The distribution of public green space in Harbin city is the most important reason that leads to the outstanding problem of accessibility, and the urban fast traffic system also greatly affects the slow traffic system. On the basis of the present situation of urban environment and the results of accessibility analysis, the author puts forward the optimization strategy of green space system in the main city area from three aspects: the optimization of the layout of public green space, the improvement of green road traffic network and the construction of the recreational green network system. On the basis of the optimization of the results of the accessibility analysis, the author chooses the accessibility. Relative to a typical partition, the regional accessibility optimization scheme is proposed from three aspects: the structure of the zoning network, the optimization of the green space distribution and the improvement of the green net of the zoning. Finally, the reachability analysis is carried out on the optimization scheme of the partitioned public green space. The ratio of the green area to the green area is obviously improved and the residents are basically satisfied. The demand for accessibility of public green space.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU985.12

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