Hadoop和物联网技术在城市洪涝实时监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 09:03

本文选题：城市洪涝 + 大数据　；参考：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近半个世纪以来,我国城市化进程迅速推进,同时也伴随着各种各样的问题,其中比较严重的就是城市洪涝灾害。然而在经济和社会高速发展的21世纪,城市化是不可避免的主要发展趋势,如何应对城市洪涝灾害就成为了城市化进程中迫切需要解决的一个问题。随着计算机技术的高速发展,相关部门也迫切需要建立一个能及时监测城市洪涝具体情况的城市洪涝实时监测系统来做相关决策。本文在介绍国内外城市洪涝灾害的基本情况和国内外应对城市洪涝灾害的一些主要措施的基础上,针对原有的城市洪涝监测系统难以分析处理海量数据和实时性难以达到要求的缺点,提出了一个将大数据的分布式计算和存储的开源软件框架Hadoop和物联网平台IoT应用于城市洪涝实时监测系统的设计中。本文具体的工作主要是利用分布式计算和存储的开源软件框架Hadoop分析城市DEM数据来科学合理的布置城市洪涝监测点,以及利用物联网平台IoT实时监测并处理渍水点水位数据,并在此基础上设计了一个城市洪涝实时监控的方案。城市地面硬化面积增加,分析城市DEM数据找寻地势低洼地带来布置城市洪涝监测点的方案就变得比较科学合理;又针对DEM数据随着精度的增加、数据量和计算分析量都成倍地增长的特点,将Hadoop用于城市DEM数据分析中。在对渍水点水位数据实时监测处理方面,采用了基于物联网平台Io T与异网(Internet、电话网络PSTN、手机短信网络GSM、GPRS网络、Wi-Fi以及局域网LAN)的信息交换技术,并采用MQTT通讯协议保证数据的实时传输,保证了城市洪涝实时监测系统的实时性。本文的城市洪涝实时监测系统的架构采用的是基于Linux操作系统的B/S架构,用Java语言编程实现,并采用了分布式计算和存储的开源软件框架Hadoop、物联网平台IoT以及WebGIS等相关技术,具有维护简单、扩展性强等优点。
[Abstract]:In the past half century, the process of urbanization in our country has been advancing rapidly, at the same time accompanied by various problems, among which the more serious is the urban flood disaster. However, in the 21st century, the rapid development of economy and society, urbanization is the inevitable main development trend, how to cope with urban flood disaster has become an urgent problem to be solved in the process of urbanization. With the rapid development of computer technology, it is urgent for the relevant departments to establish a real-time urban flood monitoring system to make relevant decisions. This paper introduces the basic situation of urban flood disaster at home and abroad and some main measures to deal with urban flood disaster at home and abroad. In view of the shortcomings of the original urban flood monitoring system, it is difficult to analyze and deal with the massive data and the real-time performance is difficult to meet the requirements. This paper presents an open source software framework (Hadoop) for distributed computing and storage of big data and IoT (Internet of things) platform for the design of a real-time urban flood monitoring system. The main work of this paper is to analyze the urban DEM data scientifically and reasonably by using the open source software framework Hadoop, which is distributed computing and storage, and to use the IoT platform of the Internet of things to monitor and process the waterlogging water level data in real time. On this basis, a real-time monitoring scheme of urban flood is designed. With the increase of urban ground hardening area, it becomes more scientific and reasonable to analyze the urban DEM data to find out the urban flood monitoring points caused by low-lying terrain, and to improve the accuracy of DEM data. Hadoop is used in the analysis of urban DEM data because the amount of data and the amount of computational analysis increase exponentially. In the aspect of real-time monitoring and processing of waterlogging point water level data, the information exchange technology based on Internet of things platform iot and Internet, telephone network PSTN, GSM / GPRS network, Wi-Fi and LAN LAN are adopted. MQTT protocol is used to ensure the real-time data transmission and the real-time monitoring system of urban flood. In this paper, the architecture of urban flood real-time monitoring system is based on the B / S architecture of Linux operating system, which is programmed by Java language. It also adopts the open source software framework Hadoop, the Internet of things platform IoT, WebGIS and other related technologies, which are distributed computing and storage. The utility model has the advantages of simple maintenance and strong expansibility.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.4

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