浙江古城墙传统灰浆材料的分析研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:05

本文选题：传统灰浆 + 化学结构　；参考：《光谱学与光谱分析》2016年01期

【摘要】：灰浆材料一直是古代建筑类文化遗产研究的重要对象,文保工程中使用传统灰浆的诸多优点已广为人知,在认识传统灰浆的基础上开发新的石灰基粘结保护材料已然成为国际研究热点。随着中国的经济发展,很多古建筑的保护也开始提上日程,然而关于中国传统灰浆材料的研究颇为薄弱。实地调查浙江地区多座古代城墙遗址,采集灰浆样品,利用多功能密度仪、粉末X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)和湿化学分析技术,对浙江地区7处古城墙灰浆样品进行了分析检测和研究。结果表明:这些古城墙使用的胶结材料是纯"白灰灰浆",主要成分是碳酸钙,含量在75%~90%之间,其原料主要是钙质生石灰,个别来自镁质生石灰;其中有4座城墙灰浆添加有糯米成分,说明该地区在明代向灰浆里添加糯米等有机材料是建筑城墙十分普遍的工艺技术;检测发现这些建筑灰浆的密度较低,且数值相差较大,在1.2~1.9g·cm~(-3)之间,应是环境长期侵蚀的结果。同时,也分析了这些砌筑灰浆的其他物化特征,为下一步古城墙本体保护和保护材料的研发,以及传统灰浆全国范围内的比较研究提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Mortar material has always been an important object in the study of ancient architectural cultural heritage. Many advantages of using traditional mortar in civil insurance engineering have been widely known. The development of new lime-based adhesive protection materials based on traditional mortar has become an international research hotspot. With the development of China's economy, the protection of many ancient buildings has been put on the agenda, but the research on traditional Chinese mortar materials is rather weak. A field investigation of many ancient city wall sites in Zhejiang Province was carried out, and mortar samples were collected. Using multifunctional density meter, powder X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric differential calorimeter (TG-DSC) and wet chemical analysis technology, The samples of 7 ancient wall mortar in Zhejiang province were analyzed and studied. The results show that the cement materials used in these ancient walls are pure "lime paste", the main component is calcium carbonate, the content of calcium carbonate is between 75% and 90%, the raw material is mainly calcium quicklime, and some come from magnesia quicklime. Four of the walls were filled with glutinous rice, indicating that the addition of glutinous rice and other organic materials to the mortar in the Ming Dynasty was a very common technology for building walls. The tests found that the density of these building mortar was relatively low and the values varied greatly. In the range of 1.2 ~ 1.9g / cm ~ (3), it should be the result of long-term environmental erosion. At the same time, the other physical and chemical characteristics of these masonry mortar are analyzed, which provides a scientific basis for the further research and development of ancient wall protection and protection materials, as well as the comparative study of traditional mortar in the whole country.
【作者单位】：浙江大学文物与博物馆学系;浙江省文物考古研究所;浙江大学化学系;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2012BAK14B05) 国家文物局创新联盟课题项目([2012]878) 浙江省文物保护科技项目([2012]002)资助
【分类号】：TU-87;TU521

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