西方城市生态基础设施规划设计的理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 16:11

本文选题：生态基础设施 + 景观基础设施　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以西方城市生态基础设施的理论与实践为着眼点,对生态基础设施理念的发展历程、主要类型及设计思想进行分析研究,并结合景观都市主义的设计思想,针对不同用地类型对于现代城市发展中的生态建设方法提出切实可行的方案,从而实现城市开发与生态保护的双重可持续发展。本文研究主要内容包括：理论研究、实践研究及归纳总结三个部分,采用了多学科交叉的文献研究、实地调查、案例分析以及总结归纳等研究方法。在理论研究部分中,采用多学科交叉的文献研究方法,研究自19世纪50年代以来生态理念在城市规划中的发展历程,通过对比分析等方法分析不同学科背景、不同时代和地域中生态规划理念的进展。将生态设计的思想在城市规划中的发展总结为萌芽期、探索期、理念提升期及兴盛发展期四个阶段,并总结归纳出各个阶段中生态设计思想的特点及侧重点。随后对理论分析进行总结和提炼,提出现代城市生态基础设施的内涵和规划方法。在实践研究部分中,本文主要采取案例分析的研究方法,分3个层面来展开相关研究：(1)从区域的宏观层面来讲,生态基础设施作为生态安全格局的分析方法,为城市建设提供了一个发展框架,能够科学的对城市土地保护进行有效的识别和优先排序,从而以最优化的方式制定开发和建设政策；(2)从城市的中观层面讲,生态基础设施作为构建城市生态网络的途径,为新城扩张及旧城收缩等实际问题给出了多功能、多维度的解决途径；(3)从场地的微观层面来讲,生态基础设施可以理解为可持续生态系统的基础结构,作为城市建设的必要组成部分提供维系人们日常需求的场所和服务,满足人们对于工作、居住、生活的需求。同时本文基于不同的城市生态基础设施类型,结合西方大量理论研究和实际案例,给出了相应的生态基础设施规划与设计途径,包括以下几种类型：生态雨水管理、城市水岸改造设计、城市废弃地修复及交通系统的改善。在归纳总结部分分析了生态基础设施在生态效益、城市环境、城市面貌和社会经济等层面的效益,并结合案例及数据指出生态基础设施的多重效益,为生态建设的推广打下理论基础。最后结合我国国情,研究西方国家生态基础设施建设对于我国的启示,提出我国目前生态建设中的几点不足及相应的解决策略,为我国建设生态文明城市打下更为坚实的理论基础。主要研究成果及创新点：1.梳理了19世纪以来生态主义思想在城市规划进程中的发展脉络,总结并提出生态主义思想起源于对土地利用的反思,并指出城市规划学、风景园林学、生态学等学科理论在发展过程中对其的影响；2.提出了生态基础设施的内涵、方法、和规划流程,并总结出宏观生态基础设施规划的常用方法和流程；3.将生态基础设施应用的具体类型根据用地尺度范围加以分类,并结合实例提出不同类型的生态基础设施在实际应用中的规划要点、设计和实施策略及构建模式；4.在研究西方生态基础设施理论和实践的基础上,针对中国国情和现状,提出具有中国特色的生态基础设施规划方法和建议。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory and practice of western urban ecological infrastructure, this paper analyzes the development process, main types and design ideas of the concept of ecological infrastructure, and combines the design ideas of landscape urbanism to put forward a practical and feasible method for the ecological construction in the development of modern urban development. The main contents of this paper include: theoretical research, practical research and summary of three parts, using the literature research, field investigation, case analysis and summing up and other research methods. In the theoretical research part, the multidisciplinary cross is used. The method of literature research is used to study the development course of ecological concept in urban planning since 1850s. Through comparative analysis and other methods, the development of ecological planning concept in different disciplines and different times and regions is analyzed. The development of ecological design ideas in urban planning is summarized as the germination period, exploration period and concept promotion period. And the four stages of the prosperity and development period, and summarize the characteristics and emphasis of the ecological design ideas in each stage. Then the theoretical analysis is summarized and refined, and the connotation and planning methods of modern urban ecological infrastructure are put forward. In the part of practice research, this paper mainly takes the research method of case analysis and divides into 3 aspects. (1) from the macro level of the region, the ecological infrastructure, as an analytical method of the ecological security pattern, provides a development framework for urban construction, which can scientifically identify and prioritize urban land protection, and formulate development and construction policies in an optimal way; (2) from the city. On the meso level, the ecological infrastructure, as a way of constructing urban ecological network, provides multi-functional and multi-dimensional solutions for the actual problems of new town expansion and old city contraction. (3) from the micro level of the site, the ecological infrastructure can be understood as the basic structure of the sustainable ecosystem, as a necessary group for urban construction. In addition, some places and services to maintain people's daily needs are provided to meet people's needs for work, residence and life. At the same time, based on different urban ecological infrastructure types, combined with a large number of western theoretical research and practical cases, the corresponding ecological infrastructure planning and design approaches are given, including the following types: the following types: State rainwater management, urban water bank transformation design, urban wasteland repair and traffic system improvement. In the summary, the benefits of ecological infrastructure in ecological benefits, urban environment, urban features and social economy are analyzed, and the multiple benefits of birth infrastructure are referred to the cases and data, and the promotion of ecological construction In the end, based on the national conditions of our country, we study the Enlightenment of the ecological infrastructure construction of western countries to our country, put forward some shortcomings and corresponding solutions in the ecological construction of our country at present, and lay a more solid theoretical foundation for the construction of ecological civilization in China. The main research results and innovation points are as follows: 1. combing the 19 World Since the development of ecological thought in the process of urban planning since the period of the period, the author summed up and proposed that the ecological thought originated from the reflection on the land use, and pointed out the influence of the theory of urban planning, landscape architecture and ecology on the development process, and 2. proposed the connotation, method, and planning process of the ecological infrastructure. And summarize the common methods and processes of macro ecological infrastructure planning; 3. classify the specific types of the application of ecological infrastructure according to the scope of the land scale, and combine the examples to put forward the planning points of different types of ecological infrastructure in practical application, design and implement strategies and construction patterns; 4. in the study of Western students. Based on the theory and practice of state infrastructure, this paper puts forward the planning methods and suggestions of ecological infrastructure with Chinese characteristics according to China's national conditions and current situation.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.115

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