采用永磁同步电机的电梯门机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 00:50

本文选题：电梯门机 + 控制系统　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展和越来越多高层建筑的出现,电梯已经成为现代都市居民工作生活中不可或缺的工具。电梯门机作为电梯的重要组成部分,也是乘客直接接触控制的设备,其控制系统的重要性不言而喻。然而由于电梯门机控制系统故障引起的电梯事故时有发生,而且造成的后果往往比较严重,所以设计一种运行平稳、安全可靠地电梯门机控制系统具有重要意义。因此,本文采用永磁同步电机,设计以DSP为控制核心的电梯门机控制系统。首先介绍课题研究的背景和意义,分析电梯门机控制系统的国内外研究现状和发展趋势。对电梯门机的系统构造和工作方式进行论述,比较不同电机的优缺点,选择最合适应用于电梯门机的永磁同步电机作为电梯门机控制系统的驱动电机。然后分析门机控系统的功能需求,采用一种S形速度曲线的开关门控制方式使电梯门平稳高效运行,并设计了电机初始电角度自学习、门宽自学习、力矩保护和信息交互等系统功能模块。对永磁同步电机的结构进行了分析,建立了其数学模型,通过坐标变换等方式,把电机在三相静止坐标系的电压方程转换成dq同步旋转坐标系下的电压方程,推导了电磁转矩公式。运用矢量控制的方法对永磁同步电机进行控制,并分析推导了SVPWM在永磁同步电机伺服系统中的运算公式。然后阐述霍尔电流传感器对电机的电流进行检测的原理和方法,使用增量式编码器对电机的速度和位置进行检测,分析多种检测方法,确定最合适电机测速的M/T法进行速度测量。阐述DSP作为控制核心的控制系统的总体硬件结构,设计系统的各硬件模块,重点展示了功率电路、控制电路和保护电路等主要电路的设计。然后设计了系统的各软件模块,各个软模块配合硬件电路来实现门控系统的各个功能。最后搭建电梯门机控制系统的实验平台,对系统进行实验测试,通过实验结果与预期结果比较分析,验证了本设计能够达到预期的目的。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and the appearance of more and more high-rise buildings, elevators have become an indispensable tool in the work and life of modern urban residents. As an important part of elevator, elevator door crane is also the equipment of passenger direct contact control. The importance of its control system is self-evident. However, the elevator accidents caused by the failure of elevator door crane control system often occur, and the consequences are often serious, so it is of great significance to design a stable, safe and reliable elevator door crane control system. Therefore, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used to design the elevator door crane control system based on DSP. Firstly, the background and significance of the research are introduced, and the research status and development trend of elevator gantry control system are analyzed. This paper discusses the system construction and working mode of elevator door crane, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different motors, and selects the permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is the most suitable for the elevator door crane, as the driving motor of the elevator door crane control system. Then the functional requirements of the door control system are analyzed, and an S-shaped speed curve is adopted to make the elevator door run smoothly and efficiently. The motor initial electric angle self-learning and the gate width self-learning are designed. Torque protection and information exchange and other system function modules. The structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is analyzed, and its mathematical model is established. By means of coordinate transformation, the voltage equation of PMSM in three-phase stationary coordinate system is transformed into the voltage equation of DQ synchronous rotating coordinate system. The formula of electromagnetic torque is derived. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is controlled by vector control, and the calculation formula of SVPWM in PMSM servo system is analyzed and deduced. Secondly, the principle and method of Hall current sensor to detect the motor current are described. The speed and position of the motor are detected by incremental encoder, and a variety of detection methods are analyzed. M / T method is used to determine the most suitable motor speed measurement. The overall hardware structure of the control system with DSP as the control core and the design of each hardware module of the system are described. The design of the main circuits such as power circuit, control circuit and protection circuit are emphatically displayed. Then every software module of the system is designed, each software module cooperate with the hardware circuit to realize each function of the gate control system. Finally, the experimental platform of elevator door crane control system is built, and the system is tested experimentally. Through the comparison and analysis of the experimental results and the expected results, it is verified that the design can achieve the desired purpose.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU857;TM341

【参考文献】