基于多目标的城市雨水系统构建技术与策略研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 00:29

  本文选题：多目标雨水系统 + 径流总量与径流污染　； 参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：相比发达国家,我国内涝防治和雨水资源化回用的政策与标准已日趋完善,但基于径流总量(体积和污染物)控制的较为系统的理论、标准、指标体系及技术体系还很缺乏,针对我国国情,研究多目标城市雨水系统构建策略、目标确定方法、控制指标、规划设计方法对构建我国现代雨水管理系统意义重大。本文在对国内外研究成果进行系统整理的基础上,对发达国家雨水管理系统、我国多目标城市雨水系统构建策略、基于径流总量控制的城市雨水系统构建技术、基于径流流量控制的城市雨水系统构建技术、城市径流污染与CSO污染控制技术及城市多目标雨水系统规划策略及设计方法进行了研究。主要结论如下：(1)我国现代城市雨水系统应构建低影响开发雨水系统、雨水管渠系统和超标雨水径流排放系统三套技术体系,实现从城市、流域、汇水区到地块的多尺度建设,及源头减排-中途转输-末端调蓄多层次管理,以达到径流总量、峰值流量及径流污染综合控制目标。(2)降雨雨型及年暴雨场次的分布特征是影响年雨量控制率、场次控制率、径流体积控制率统计结果的重要因素。年均暴雨、极端暴雨的场次越多,相同设计降雨量下,年场次控制率较年雨量控制率的值越大,对于以中小降雨为主的干旱地区,年雨量控制率则大于年场次控制率。(3)最小降雨间隔时间是以总量减排为目标的设计暴雨的重要参数,对年雨量控制率、合流制溢流频率的影响较大,最小间隔时间应依据工程措施的设计排空时间或设计水力停留时间确定,考虑渗透设施、调节设施的设计运行条件,最小间隔时间可取12小时与24小时。(4)径流控制率对应的设计降雨量可与设计暴雨重现期进行数值转换,以不同重现期下的1小时降雨量为例,以总量减排为目标时,对应的设计重现期一般不大于1年。(5)微排水系统可有效提高小排水系统的综合设计标准。以北京为例,按年雨量控制率85%进行源头减排系统的设计时,可实现重现期P=3、5年时场地的流量径流系数不大于0.5。(6)基于末端水环境质量的径流污染控制应综合考虑城市径流污染特征、总量减排及径流污染控制技术的水质净化效果、开发前径流状态等合理确定年径流总量控制目标,综合实现径流总量和径流污染控制目标。以EMCCOD=200mg/L,CCOD=200mg/L, φpre=0.3,β=70%为例,年雨量控制率应为90%。(7)对某市某观象台近1941年-2013年73年逐分钟降雨数据进行统计分析,以最小降雨间隔时间12小时为例,得到年均CSO溢流频率与降雨强度的函数关系为：y=23.279e-0.097x(R2=0.9945)。(8)我国大陆地区径流总量控制率目标划分为五个区,分别为：Ⅰ区(85%≤α≤90%)、Ⅱ区(80%≤α≤85%)、Ⅲ区(75%≤a85%)、Ⅳ区(70%α85%)、Ⅴ区(60%≤α≤85%),各地区可参照给出的年雨量控制率最低和最高限值制定径流总量控制目标。
[Abstract]:Compared with the developed countries, the policies and standards of waterlogging prevention and reuse of Rain Water in China have become more and more perfect, but the systematic theories, standards, index systems and technical systems based on the total runoff volume (volume and pollutant) control are still lacking. According to the situation of our country, it is of great significance to study the construction strategy, target determination method, control index, planning and design method of multi-objective city Rain Water system for the construction of China's modern Rain Water management system. On the basis of systematical analysis of domestic and foreign research results, this paper analyzes the Rain Water management system in developed countries, the construction strategy of multi-target city Rain Water system in China, and the construction technology of urban Rain Water system based on total runoff control. The construction technology of urban Rain Water system based on runoff flow control, the control technology of urban runoff pollution and CSO pollution, and the planning strategy and design method of urban multi-objective Rain Water system are studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) China's modern urban Rain Water system should construct three sets of technical systems, namely, low-impact development Rain Water system, stormwater conduit system and over-standard Rain Water runoff discharge system, so as to realize the multi-scale construction from urban, watershed, catchment areas to plots. In order to achieve the total runoff, peak flow and runoff pollution, the distribution characteristics of rainfall pattern and annual rainstorm frequency are the influence of annual rainfall control rate and field control rate. An important factor in the statistical results of runoff volume control rate. Under the same design rainfall, the annual rainfall control rate is larger than the annual rainfall control rate. The annual rainfall control rate is larger than the annual number control rate. 3) the minimum rainfall interval time is an important parameter of the design rainstorm with the aim of reducing the total amount of emission, which has a great influence on the annual rainfall control rate and the frequency of the combined flow system overflow. The minimum interval time shall be determined according to the design emptying time or the design hydraulic retention time of the engineering measures, and the design operation conditions of the facilities shall be adjusted by considering the permeation facilities, The design rainfall corresponding to the runoff control rate of 12 hours and 24 hours can be numerically converted to the design rainstorm recurrence period, taking the rainfall of one hour under different recurrence periods as an example, and taking the total emission reduction as the target. The corresponding design recurrence period is generally less than 1 year. 5) the microdrainage system can effectively improve the comprehensive design standard of the small drainage system. Taking Beijing as an example, when designing the source emission reduction system based on the annual rainfall control rate of 85%, The runoff pollution control based on the environmental quality of the terminal water should take into account the characteristics of urban runoff pollution, the total emission reduction and the purification effect of runoff pollution control technology. Before development, the control target of annual runoff total amount is reasonably determined, and the total runoff amount and runoff pollution control target are comprehensively realized. Take 200mg / L of EMCCODN 200 mg / L, 蠁 prepre0.3, 尾 70% as an example, the annual rainfall control rate should be 90. 7) A statistical analysis was made on the hourly rainfall data from 1941 to 2013 at a certain observation station in a certain city, taking the minimum rainfall interval of 12 hours as an example. The functional relationship between annual CSO overflow frequency and rainfall intensity is obtained. The results show that the average annual CSO overflow frequency is 23.279e-0.097x / r _ 2 0.9945 ~ (5) the target of total runoff control rate in China's continental area is divided into five regions. They are: area 鈪，

本文编号：1988834