新型墙体材料及其在围护结构中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 16:00

本文选题：新型墙体材料 + 保温隔热性能　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：安徽省两淮矿区每年排放大量的固体废弃物(粉煤灰、煤矸石),年排放量有1000万吨,利用率低,污染严重,并造成可再生资源的浪费；而目前国家对建筑建材绿色化又高度重视,“禁实禁粘”出台多项规定。因此如何结合我省地方资源,利用两淮地区固体废弃物生产绿色建筑材料已成为我省建筑节能发展的必然趋势。以粉煤灰、煤矸石为原料制备的新型墙体材料具有减轻自重,保温隔热,节约能源等优点。本课题围绕两淮矿区粉煤灰、煤矸石生产新型墙体材料为研究对象,制备出粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土砌块、粉煤灰混凝土空心砌块(内填XPS板)、烧结煤矸石空心砖,其粉煤灰最大掺量达60%、煤矸石最大掺量达100%。课题针对三种新型墙材和传统实心粘土砖在我省工程实际应用进行了系统试验研究,结合我省夏热冬冷地区环境在合肥安徽建筑大学校内搭建四种240mm厚的不同围护结构材料示范房。采用热箱法对墙体材料传热系数进行现场热工性能分析；对试验房内空调选型,温湿度采集方案及数据处理方案等进行了开发及优化设计。研究了2013年合肥地区全年室内外气候分析,室内环境、舒适度评价；进行了试验房的能耗、降温、升温、恒温阶段试验,探讨新型墙体材料与传统粘土砖之间的相互关系；依据国家设计标准50%-65%建筑节能要求,对合肥地区常见且节能率较高的粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土围护结构材料进行外墙外保温(改姓EPS板厚80mm)试验研究,通过软件模拟及试验相结合,对比分析外墙外保温粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土砌块保温隔热性能,并就粉煤灰蒸压加气混凝土砌块温差变化对墙体应力应变的影响进行了探讨。试验结果表明利用两淮矿区固体废弃物制备三种新型墙体材料在夏热冬冷地区现场进行热工性能分析,其传热系数均小于传统粘土实心砖；新型墙体材料对室内环境及人体舒适度无危害影响；全煤矸石制备的烧结煤矸石空心砖砌筑的试验房冬季相对节能8.3%,夏季相对节能9.6%；粉煤灰掺量30%的混凝土空心砌块砌筑试验房冬季相对节能18.0%,夏季相对节能10.5%；粉煤灰掺量60%的加气混凝土砌块砌筑的试验房冬季相对节能27.3%,夏季相对节能31.1%,由此可见,粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块砌筑试验房节能降耗优势明显。试验结果表明冬季粉煤灰加气混凝土围护结构材料降温速度较慢,具有较好的保温性能；夏季升温速度较慢,具有较好的隔热性能。从冬季、夏季恒温阶段波形趋势图中表明,峰值数与试验房能耗具有一定的相关性。通过外贴改性EPS板外墙外保温系统的试验房相对节能高达57.8%,效果明显提高；软件模拟分析得出粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块墙体边缘部位受温度差应力应变影响相对较大；试验研究墙体边缘部位应变集中,大小关系是左下角右上角中间部位。本课题通过对采用不同围护结构材料工程示范房系统试验研究、软件模拟分析,该成果能够为夏热冬冷地区新型节能保温材料的选择和推广应用提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The two Huai mining area in Anhui province releases a large amount of solid waste (fly ash and coal gangue) every year. The annual discharge amount is 10 million tons, the utilization rate is low, the pollution is serious, and the waste of renewable resources is caused. At present, the country attaches great importance to the green building materials, and the "Prohibition of real prohibition of sticky" has issued a number of regulations. The production of green building materials with solid waste in the two Huaihe region has become an inevitable trend in the development of energy conservation in our province. The new wall materials prepared with fly ash and coal gangue as raw materials have the advantages of reducing self weight, heat insulation and energy saving. This topic focuses on the research of the powder coal ash in the two Huaihe mining area and the new wall material for the production of coal gangue. Like, the fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block, fly ash concrete hollow block (filled with XPS plate), sintered coal gangue hollow brick, the maximum amount of fly ash content up to 60%, the maximum amount of coal gangue up to 100%. subject to the practical application of the three new types of wall materials and traditional solid clay bricks in the practical application of the project in our province, combined with me Four kinds of material demonstration rooms with different envelopes with 240mm thickness are set up in the Hefei Anhui Architecture University. The thermal performance analysis of the heat transfer coefficient of the wall materials is carried out by the hot box method, and the design of the air conditioning system in the test room, the temperature and humidity collection scheme and the data management scheme are developed and optimized. The indoor and outdoor climate analysis, indoor environment and comfort evaluation of Hefei area in 2013 were studied. Energy consumption, cooling, heating and constant temperature test were carried out in the laboratory. The relationship between the new wall material and the traditional clay bricks was discussed. According to the national design standard 50%-65% building energy saving requirement, the common and energy saving rate in Hefei area was more common. High fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete enclosure material is used to carry out external thermal insulation of exterior wall (modified EPS plate thickness 80mm) test. Through the combination of software simulation and test, the thermal insulation performance of the autoclaved aerated concrete block with external thermal insulation fly ash is compared and analyzed, and the stress on the temperature difference of the aerated concrete block of the fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block is applied to the wall stress The effect of strain is discussed. The results show that the thermal performance analysis of three new wall materials made of solid waste in two Huaihe mining area is carried out in the hot summer and cold winter area. The heat transfer coefficient is less than the traditional clay brick; the new wall material has no harm to the indoor environment and the human body comfort; the whole coal gangue is prepared. The test room of the sintered coal gangue hollow brick is 8.3% energy saving in winter and 9.6% in summer. The concrete hollow block masonry test room with 30% fly ash content is relatively energy saving in winter and 10.5% in summer, and the test room with aerated concrete block with 60% powder of fly ash is 27.3% in winter and relative in summer. 31.1%, it can be seen that the fly ash aerated concrete block masonry building test room has an obvious advantage in energy saving and consumption reduction. The test results show that the winter fly ash aerated concrete enclosure material has a slower cooling rate and better insulation performance, and the heating speed is slow in summer and has better thermal insulation performance. The potential diagram shows that the peak value has a certain correlation with the energy consumption of the test room. The experimental room with external insulation system of external wall modified EPS board is up to 57.8%, and the effect is obviously improved; the influence of the temperature difference stress and strain on the edge of the fly ash aerated concrete block wall is relatively large by the software simulation analysis. The strain concentration at the edge of the wall is the middle part of the upper right corner of the lower left corner. This topic can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and application of new energy saving thermal insulation materials in hot summer and cold winter areas through the experimental research on the system of material engineering demonstration rooms with different enclosure structures and software simulation analysis.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU522

【参考文献】