木结构传统民居抗震加固试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 05:34

本文选题：木结构 + 传统民居　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：以榫卯节点为特征的传统木结构是我国传统民居中分布最广泛、既存数量最多的民居结构形式,并且在建筑形式上灵活多样,种类繁多。由于木结构民居主要依靠工匠个人经验建造,加之材料选择随意,长期以往木构件腐朽、虫蛀等原因,总体上这些房屋年久失修,安全现状堪忧。近年来的震害调研表明,有相当部分木结构民居在8度以上烈度区产生严重破坏,甚至整体散架解体。此外,木结构民居的围护墙体与木结构主体之间往往缺乏连接,由于自身稳定性较差,地震时也非常容易倒塌。因此,针对木结构传统民居的抗震加固技术研究十分紧迫。本文以此为背景,主要研究内容与成果如下:论文通过对北京市门头沟区某木结构传统民居的现场测绘,针对其安全性与耐久性方面存在的不足,提出了加固及保护措施,并以民居原型作为研究对象,按照1/2缩尺制作了房屋模型,按照设计对该模型房屋进行了加固,对加固后的房屋模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验。试验房屋的主体承重结构为传统抬梁式木结构,围护墙体为土坯墙砌筑。论文采取的主要加固措施包括:对土坯墙体内外采用嵌槽设置配筋砂浆带进行加固,并与木结构可靠拉结;对木节点采用扁铁、薄铁片和角钢加固;在木结构抬梁位置设置水平剪刀撑。通过大比例房屋模型制作,证明以上抗震加固措施在施工方面简单可行,具有很好的可操作性。论文对该模型房屋在遭受6度设防地震到8.5度罕遇地震下的破坏情况及地震反应做了详细记录。试验结果表明:在土坯墙上嵌槽设置配筋砂浆带后,土坯墙体在小震时开裂较少,大震时无大的贯通裂缝出现,且没有出现土坯脱落或墙体外闪现象,说明配筋砂浆带较大幅度提高了墙体自身的承载能力与稳定性,并且对土坯墙体的变形有良好约束,主体承重木结构由于与土坯墙体之间可靠连接,且两者之间协同工作,相互支撑,房屋的整体性有了很大增强;木结构的节点及连接部位加固后在大震时,节点发出“咯吱咯吱”的声音,但节点只发生轻微的变形,没有出现大的破坏,说明节点加固措施有效;在木结构抬梁位置设置水平剪刀撑后,加载过程中模型没有出现局部或整体失稳破坏,说明加固措施增强了木结构的整体性及稳定性。综上,通过模拟地震振动台试验,说明论文所提的抗震加固措施简单有效,完全适用于该类型木结构传统民居的抗震加固,加固后的房屋可以实现我国现行规范规定的8度区“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。
[Abstract]:The traditional wood structure, characterized by tenon and joint, is the most widely distributed and the largest number of residential structures in China, and the architectural forms are flexible and diverse. Because the wooden structure dwelling mainly depends on the craftsman's personal experience to build, in addition to the material choice random, the long-term past wood component decay, the insect moth and so on reason, in general these houses are in disrepair, the safety present situation is worried. The earthquake damage investigation in recent years shows that a considerable number of wood-structure residential buildings in the intensity area above 8 degrees caused serious damage, and even the whole collapse. In addition, there is a lack of connection between the retaining wall and the main body of the wooden structure, and it is easy to collapse during earthquake because of its poor stability. Therefore, it is very urgent to study the seismic reinforcement technology of traditional wood structure houses. Based on this background, the main research contents and achievements are as follows: through surveying and mapping a traditional wooden structure house in Mentougou District of Beijing, the paper puts forward reinforcement and protection measures in view of its shortcomings in safety and durability. The model is made according to the scale of 1 / 2 scale, and the model is strengthened according to the design. The shaking table test of the reinforced model is carried out. The main load-bearing structure of the experimental building is the traditional beam-type wooden structure, and the retaining wall is masonry for the adobe wall. The main reinforcement measures adopted in this paper include: strengthening the adobe wall with slotted mortar band inside and outside the adobe wall and connecting with the wood structure reliably, strengthening the wood joint with flat iron, thin iron sheet and angle steel; The horizontal scissors brace is arranged in the position of the wooden structure lifting beam. It is proved that the above aseismic reinforcement measures are simple and feasible in construction and have good maneuverability by making large scale building models. In this paper, the damage and seismic response of this model house under the earthquake of 6 degrees fortification to 8.5 degrees are recorded in detail. The test results show that after the reinforced mortar band is set up on the adobe wall, the cracks of the adobe wall are less during the small earthquake, and there is no big through crack during the strong earthquake, and there is no phenomenon of the abscission of the adobe or the external flash of the wall. It shows that the reinforced mortar belt can greatly improve the bearing capacity and stability of the wall itself, and has good constraints on the deformation of the adobe wall. The main load-bearing wood structure is connected reliably with the adobe wall, and the two structures work together. Support each other, the integrity of the building has been greatly enhanced; the joints and connections of the wooden structure strengthened after a strong earthquake, the nodes made a "crunching" sound, but the node only slightly deformed, there was no major damage. The results show that the joint reinforcement measures are effective, and after the horizontal shear bracing is set in the position of the lifting beam of the wood structure, there is no local or overall instability failure in the model during the loading process, which indicates that the strengthening measures enhance the integrity and stability of the wood structure. In summary, through the shaking table test of simulated earthquake, it is shown that the seismic reinforcement measures proposed in this paper are simple and effective, and are fully applicable to the seismic reinforcement of traditional residential buildings of this type of wood structure. The reinforced buildings can achieve the seismic fortification target of "small earthquake is not bad, moderate earthquake can be repaired, and large earthquake can not fall", which is stipulated in the current code of our country.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU366.2;TU352.11

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