西南彝族传统聚落与建筑研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 06:19

  本文选题：彝族 + 建筑文化区划　； 参考：《重庆大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：西南彝族的传统聚落与建筑具有古老而独特的民族文化特征;社会发展、民族迁徙和文化交融又展示出丰富的地域文化特征。彝学研究目前主要集中在民族历史、语言、社会等人文社科方面,而建筑学领域关于彝族聚落与建筑文化方面的系统论著还比较缺少。论文以田野调查为基础,测绘整理了丰富的第一手资料,查阅和参考了相关历史研究文献,归纳总结了西南彝族建筑的构成体系和文化技术特色,探索了西南彝族聚落的生成机制与发展演变规律,建构了彝族传统建筑研究的理论框架,这对民族建筑史学研究以及对地方建筑史的研究都有较高的学术价值,对民族聚落文化及环境保护也有较好的实际应用价值。研究首先在历史考证和文献梳理的基础上,通过与藏、羌居住形态相似性的比较证实了彝族的氐羌族系特征;探索了彝族的家支亲属制度、原始宗教信仰与以民族哲学思想对其建筑文化产生的影响;追溯了彝族聚落地理的历史空间分布,梳理了彝族在民族迁徙、政权建立等历史进程中的聚落演变;以及在与中原文化交流中的地域文化的演进与变迁。研究运用人文地理区系理论,在总结彝族聚居区的自然地理、方言、支系等诸多文化区划基础上,以聚落空间分布、聚落形态、建筑构筑形式作为依据建立了西南彝族建筑文化区系。通过比较揭示出文化区系“核心”区域的民族性,和“边缘区”的文化交融性规律,并归纳出西南地理空间下彝族建筑文化的山地性和流域性特征。研究通过聚落考古、人类学考察等方式总结了彝族传统聚落在不同历史和社会环境下的空间形态:游耕型聚落的分散型布局,农耕型聚落的紧凑型布局,家支制度下的组团式布局,杂姓聚落的多中心格局等等。特别探究了原始宗教信仰对彝族聚落活动的重要影响,表现为灵物崇拜下的聚落选址模式,空间领域界定,和宗教民俗活动影响下的仪式空间特征。在对彝族传统建筑的类型研究中,运用类型学和传统营造学相结合的分析方法,归纳了以火塘、青棚和公房等建筑空间特征;分析了彝族建筑从独栋式向合院式的类型演化过程;详细分析了彝族传统建筑的构筑技术特色,总结了具有民族地域特色的穿斗d'架、井干、邛笼的建筑文化技术特征,建构了彝族建筑的营造体系特征研究框架。通过田野调查梳理出彝族传统建筑营建活动的工匠技艺、人体计量方法,灵物崇拜下的材料选择加工和“吉祥时间观”下的建房习俗等,总结出民俗文化和地域环境影响下的彝族建筑营造特征。最后,研究总结了彝族建筑文化中聚落营建理念的生态人文价值,民族建造技术的科学文化价值和建筑演变规律的史学研究价值,并就彝族传统聚落保护与开发的现状得失做出总结与归纳,提出了文化生态保护、生土技术更新与地域创作的彝族建筑文化保护与开发的原则与策略。
[Abstract]:The traditional settlements and buildings of the Yi nationality in Southwest China have ancient and unique national cultural characteristics, while the social development, ethnic migration and cultural blending show rich regional cultural characteristics. At present, the study of Yi studies mainly focuses on the humanities and social sciences, such as history, language, society and so on, while the systematic works on the settlement and architectural culture of the Yi nationality in the field of architecture are still lacking. On the basis of field investigation, the paper collates abundant first-hand data, looks up and refers to relevant historical research documents, and sums up the composing system and cultural and technical characteristics of the Yi-nationality architecture in Southwest China. This paper probes into the forming mechanism and developing law of the settlement of the Yi nationality in Southwest China, and constructs the theoretical framework of the study of the traditional architecture of the Yi nationality, which is of high academic value to the study of the history of national architecture and the study of the history of local architecture. It also has good practical application value to national settlement culture and environmental protection. Firstly, on the basis of historical textual research and literature review, the paper proves the characteristics of the Di and Qiang lineages of Yi nationality by comparing them with Tibetan and Qiang residential forms, and explores the system of family members and relatives of Yi nationality. The influence of primitive religious belief and national philosophy on its architectural culture is traced back to the historical spatial distribution of Yi settlement geography and the evolution of Yi nationality in the historical process of ethnic migration and establishment of political power is combed. And the evolution and changes of regional culture in the cultural exchange with the Central Plains. On the basis of summarizing the natural geography, dialect, branch and other cultural divisions of Yi nationality settlement area, this paper applies the theory of humanistic geographical flora to study the spatial distribution and settlement form of the settlement. Architectural forms as the basis for the establishment of the southwest Yi architectural culture area. By comparing and revealing the nationality of the "core" region of the cultural region and the law of cultural blending between the "marginal area" and the "core area", this paper sums up the mountainous and watershed characteristics of the architectural culture of the Yi nationality in the southwest geographical space. By means of settlement archaeology and anthropological investigation, the paper summarizes the spatial forms of Yi traditional settlements in different historical and social environments, such as the scattered layout of floating settlements, the compact layout of agricultural settlements, and so on. Family-branch system under the group-style layout, mixed surname settlement of the multi-center pattern and so on. In particular, this paper probes into the important influence of primitive religious beliefs on the settlement activities of the Yi nationality, which is manifested by the settlement location model under the worship of spiritual objects, the definition of the spatial domain, and the characteristics of ritual space under the influence of religious folklore activities. In the study of the types of traditional buildings of the Yi nationality, by using the analysis method of the combination of typology and traditional building theory, this paper sums up the space characteristics of buildings such as fire ponds, green sheds and public houses. This paper analyzes the evolution process of Yi nationality architecture from single-family style to courtyard type, analyzes in detail the construction technical characteristics of Yi traditional architecture, and sums up the architectural cultural and technical characteristics of the traditional Yi architecture with the characteristics of national region, such as Dou dai frame, shaft stem, Qiongcage, etc. The research frame of the construction system characteristics of Yi nationality architecture is constructed. Through field investigation, the artisans' skills, human body measurement, material selection and processing under the worship of spiritual objects and the custom of building houses under the concept of "auspicious time" have been sorted out in the construction activities of the Yi people's traditional buildings. The characteristics of Yi nationality architecture under the influence of folk culture and regional environment are summarized. Finally, the paper summarizes the ecological and humanistic value of the concept of settlement construction, the scientific and cultural value of the national construction technology and the historical research value of the law of architectural evolution in the Yi nationality architectural culture. This paper summarizes and summarizes the present situation of the protection and development of the Yi traditional settlements, and puts forward the principles and strategies of the protection and development of the Yi nationality's architectural culture, including the protection of cultural ecology, the technical renewal of the raw land and the creation of the region.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU982.29;TU253
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本文编号：2060384