大数据技术在城市洪涝灾害分析预警中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 11:23

本文选题：城市洪涝 + 大数据　；参考：《华中科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来极端天气增多,暴雨天气频繁使得城市的暴雨洪涝灾害风险陡增。而短时期内,城市的排水设施建设又不可能有明显的改善,城市洪涝灾害的分析预警就变得尤为重要。但是,现有的城市洪涝分析预警系统还十分不完善,甚至有许多城市根本没有城市洪涝分析预警系统,并且传统的模型也有很多缺陷和不足。因此,城市洪涝灾害的分析预警亟需一个新的解决方案。针对日趋严峻的城市洪涝灾害现象,本论文对当今新兴的大数据技术在城市洪涝分析预警中的应用进行了研究,对适合进行大数据分布式运算的城市洪涝模型和算法进行了探索,确定了城市洪涝大数据分析模型的框架。并且对城市洪涝大数据分析模型进行了Hadoop的MapReduce模型编程实现,还根据模型所涉及到的数据设计了Hbase非关系型数据库。在Hbase数据库的基础上,以城市洪涝分析大数据分析模型为核心设计了一个城市洪涝灾害预警平台的原型系统。本论文对平台的拓扑结构,功能架构以及数据流程等进行了详细的设计,并在平台内集成了物联网应用平台用于实现渍水点的实时信息监测。平台还结合Google Map二次开发对平台的模型处理结果进行可视化显示。平台可根据降雨积水和空间地理信息等数据通过大数据技术建立的城市洪涝模型进行分布式并行处理,对城市洪涝渍水区域的积水情况进行分析预警,以便于能够在城市内涝发生时,提前做出应对措施,减小因城市内涝灾害带来的损失,为水利相关部门制定决策以及出行人群提供参考依据和建议。论文的最后还以武汉市部分区域为例对平台的可行性进行了验证并对比分析了结果。采用新兴的大数据以及物联网等先进技术对城市洪涝灾害的分析预警将会带来巨大的变革。大数据技术的应用弱化了过程,直接分析数据与结果之间的联系,打破了传统模型固定模式的思维定式。并且大数据技术在城市洪涝模型中的应用使得计算更加高效,存储更加稳定,可以适应海量数据的存储和处理,突破了数据量限制所造成的技术瓶颈。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the risk of urban torrential rain and waterlogging has increased sharply due to the increase of extreme weather and frequent rainstorm weather. However, in a short period of time, the construction of urban drainage facilities can not be improved obviously, and the analysis and warning of urban flood disaster becomes particularly important. However, the existing urban flood analysis early warning system is still very imperfect, even many cities do not even have urban flood analysis early warning system, and the traditional model also has a lot of defects and deficiencies. Therefore, the analysis and warning of urban flood disaster need a new solution. In view of the increasingly severe phenomenon of urban flood and waterlogging, this paper studies the application of the emerging big data technology in urban flood analysis and early warning. The urban flood model and algorithm suitable for big data distributed operation are explored, and the framework of urban flood big data analysis model is established. The big data analysis model of urban flood is programmed by Hadoop MapReduce model, and the Hbase non-relational database is designed according to the data involved in the model. Based on the Hbase database, a prototype system of urban flood disaster warning platform is designed based on the urban flood analysis big data analysis model. In this paper, the topology, function structure and data flow of the platform are designed in detail, and the Internet of things application platform is integrated into the platform to realize the real-time information monitoring of waterlogging points. The platform also visualizes the model processing results of the platform in combination with Google Map secondary development. Based on the data of rainfall water accumulation and spatial geographic information, the platform can be used to analyze and warn the waterlogging situation in urban waterlogging areas through distributed parallel processing of urban flood and waterlogging model established by big data technology. In order to reduce the loss caused by urban waterlogging and provide reference and suggestions for water conservancy departments to make decisions and travel people, it is convenient to make countermeasures in advance when urban waterlogging occurs, and to reduce the losses caused by urban waterlogging disasters. Finally, the feasibility of the platform is verified and the results are compared and analyzed by taking some areas of Wuhan as an example. The application of advanced technologies such as big data and Internet of things to the analysis and early warning of urban flood disaster will bring great changes. The application of big data technology weakens the process and directly analyzes the relationship between data and results. And the application of big data technology in urban flood model makes the calculation more efficient and the storage more stable. It can adapt to the storage and processing of massive data and break through the technical bottleneck caused by the limitation of data volume.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP311.13;TU998.4

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