中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析

发布时间：2018-07-20 18:05

【摘要】：随着经济社会的发展,中国步入城镇化快速发展的阶段,城镇化率已由2000年的36.22%增加到2014年的54.77%。在全球气候变化与快速城镇化背景下,中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重。阐述了全球气候变化及城镇化对城市降水和极端暴雨的影响机制,并从流域产汇流角度分析了城镇化对洪水过程的影响,系统剖析了中国城市洪涝频发的主要原因。在成因分析的基础上,进一步提出了中国城市洪涝防治的应对策略,主要包括:1以低影响开发理念为指导,加强城市基础设施建设,建设海绵城市;2建立城市洪涝立体监测、预报预警和实时调度系统,强化城市洪涝科学决策能力;3健全和完善城市洪涝应急预案,强化应急管理能力,完善灾害救助和恢复机制。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, China has stepped into the stage of rapid development of urbanization. The urbanization rate has increased from 36.22% in 2000 to 54.77% in 2014. Under the background of global climate change and rapid urbanization, urban flood disaster in China is becoming more and more serious. This paper expounds the influence mechanism of global climate change and urbanization on urban precipitation and extreme rainstorm, and analyzes the influence of urbanization on flood process from the point of view of watershed production and confluence, and systematically analyzes the main causes of frequent urban flooding in China. On the basis of cause analysis, the countermeasures of flood prevention and control in Chinese cities are put forward, which mainly include strengthening urban infrastructure construction under the guidance of the concept of low-impact development, building spongy city No. 2 and establishing urban flood stereoscopic monitoring. The system of forecasting, early warning and real-time dispatching strengthens the scientific decision-making ability of urban flood and waterlogging, improves and perfects the emergency plan of urban flood, strengthens the ability of emergency management, and perfects the mechanism of disaster relief and recovery.
【作者单位】：南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室;水利部应对气候变化研究中心;中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院;
【基金】：中国工程院重大咨询研究项目(2015-ZD-07) 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41330854)~~
【分类号】：TU998.4

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