严寒地区住区高层建筑布局形态对风环境的影响

发布时间：2018-08-04 08:31

【摘要】：全球气候变化异常,雾霾、酸雨、极端炎热与寒冷气候的出现,导致现今人们生活环境自然灾害不断。为了应对这些极端现象,研究微气候环境就显得尤为重要。随着城市化的进程加快、人口密度的增高,高层建筑已成为城市住宅建筑的发展方向。由于严寒地区城市在中国占有很大比重,因此研究严寒城市高层住宅建筑布局对微气候下风环境的影响具有重要的意义。本文通过阅读国内外文献的方法,明确了研究的方向,并以能够代表严寒地区的城市——哈尔滨为例,对该城市的高层住宅进行提取与调研,总结出了能够代表该城市的高层住宅平面形态与小组团的布局方式。为保证形成的布局形式之间有可比性,在遵循当地高层住宅间距规范的前提下,使点式、板式和L式建筑在基地面积为6.25公顷(边长为250m×250m),建筑容积率为3.888的标准下进行排列组合。在此基础上,运用ENVI-met软件对高层住区常出现的布局模式(行列式、周边式以及混合式)进行冬季风环境模拟,从风速值以及风速变化百分比率两个角度,对各布局下截面高度分别为1.5m、10m和30m时形成的风环境变化进行比较分析,进而总结归纳出与之相关的规律与结论。研究表明,随着高度的增加,风速变化比率和风速值均有所下降,但是风速变化比率的下降幅度比风速大。几种建筑布局相较而言,虽然周边式布局形成的最大风速比率较大,但是它围合内部空间风速比在80%以下,因此形成的风环境较好;在行列式布局中,板式建筑的风环境比点式建筑的好;在混合式布局中,每组布局模式各有优缺点,需要根据具体情况进行具体分析。当迎风侧的挡风建筑为板式建筑时,整个组团的风速比能够削减10%~20%左右;但是无论是以何种方式进行布局,当布局方式有错位时,会产生建筑开口连线处与周边建筑形成连成整体的大风速带。
[Abstract]:Global climate change abnormal, haze, acid rain, extreme hot and cold climate, resulting in people living environment natural disasters. In order to deal with these extreme phenomena, the study of microclimate environment is particularly important. With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase of population density, high-rise buildings have become the development direction of urban residential buildings. Due to the large proportion of cities in cold regions in China, it is of great significance to study the influence of high-rise residential building layout on the wind environment in microclimate in cold cities. By reading the domestic and foreign literature, this paper clarifies the direction of the research, and takes Harbin, a city that can represent the cold area, as an example to extract and investigate the high-rise residential buildings in this city. This paper summarizes the plane form and group layout of the high-rise residence which can represent the city. In order to ensure the comparability between the layout forms formed, in accordance with the local high-rise residential space norms, so that the point type, The plate-type and L-type buildings are arranged and combined under the standard of base area of 6.25 hectares (side length 250m 脳 250m) and building volume ratio of 3.888. On this basis, ENVI-met software is used to simulate the winter monsoon environment (determinant, peripheral and hybrid) in high-rise residential areas, from the wind speed value and the percentage rate of wind speed change. The variation of wind environment formed when the cross-section height is 1.5 m and 30 m respectively under each layout is compared and analyzed, and the relevant laws and conclusions are summarized. The results show that the ratio of wind speed change and the value of wind speed decrease with the increase of height, but the ratio of wind speed change is larger than that of wind speed. Compared with several types of building layout, although the maximum wind speed ratio of the peripheral layout is larger, the wind speed ratio of the enclosed interior space is less than 80%, so the wind environment is better; in the determinant layout, The wind environment of the plate building is better than that of the point building. In the hybrid layout, each group of layout mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, which need to be analyzed according to the specific situation. When the windward windshield is a plate building, the wind speed ratio of the whole group can be reduced by about 10%, but no matter how it is arranged, when the layout is misplaced, Will produce the building opening line and the surrounding building to form a whole of large wind speed belt.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU972;TU119

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