四川羌族民居现代建筑模式研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 16:35
【摘要】：羌族民居历史悠久,特色鲜明。在快速变化的社会背景下,传统民居正发生着深层次的变化,表现在建构体系、功能空间、材料更替、文化发展等诸方面,由于缺乏理论研究与技术支持,羌族民居在自发转型背景下,出现脱离生态优势、盲目跟风城市住宅、迷失地域文化的现象;汶川灾后重建,促进了羌族民居的现代转型,发展现代羌族民居成为时代的需要。寻找经济、技术、自然、社会与现代民居之间的新逻辑关系,建立与之对应的现代建筑模式,不仅可以实现现代羌族民居共性问题的解决,而且对于完善民居的设计理论也具有一定的理论意义。本文以四川羌族民居现代建筑模式为研究对象,从传统羌族民居解析和现代羌族民居演变研究入手,应用理论研究、田野调查、物理环境测试的方法,从建筑空间、适宜技术、羌族建筑文化的角度切入现代民居建筑模式的研究,系统地探讨了各个历史时期羌族民居建筑模式的特征及演进规律,提出现代羌族民居建筑模式的理论建构和技术建构问题,最后总结提出现代羌族民居设计创作的地域性方法。从羌族人居环境整体观角度,论文剖析了羌族传统民居的生成环境,总结了其地域特征和建筑模式:规整平面、竖向功能分化、内向空间是其典型的建筑空间模式,收分体形、厚重围护、天然材料、地屋同构、是其基本的地域技术模式;独特羌碉形象、质朴石木肌理、简洁收分形体、罩楼挑楼过街楼是其典型建筑文化语言模式;择地避灾、自然通风、顺应气候是其朴素自然生态观;羌族传统民居的地域基因和思想精髓仍然是现代羌族民居建设应秉承和发扬的重要因素。从影响现代羌族民居发展的多个要素的变化入手,论文分析了各种变化要素带给羌族民居功能结构、空间关系、建构方式、建筑风貌的改变,系统地总结羌族民居的演变特点和演进规律,为现代民居创作找寻设计的依据和重点。从系统论角度提出现代羌族民居建筑模式的理论建构,分析了羌族民居建筑模式的基本要求和制约要素,提出从用地空间模式、生土复合建构模式、羌族建筑语言模式三方面进行现代建筑模式技术建构,通过三者之间共同作用,实现民居功能、技术、文化三位一体的融合发展。用地空间模式是综合考虑用地政策、地形条件、组合方式以及受力科学的基础上,建筑功能空间结构的组合关系,主要有河谷型、半山型、高原型三种类型,并完成组合方案示例设计;生土复合建构模式是根据羌族地区高烈度地质环境,从民居结构选型优化的角度提出的基于适宜技术的生土复合建构策略,包括石木混合建构、石砼复合建构、石钢复合建构三种模式;羌族建筑语言模式主要研究羌族民居的“方言”,从院落空间、建筑形体、材料肌理、立面装饰与色彩等方面,总结其表现部位与方式,从而找到实现民居建筑文化的延续与传承的方法。基于地域主义思想,论文开展了现代羌族民居创作的地域性设计方法的理论研究。提出现代羌族民居设计的目标是在自然环境主导下实现建筑与环境的共生,在羌族社会文化影响下实现民居的继承与创新,在经济技术因素制约下实现适宜技术的融合与整合。其主要的设计方法为自然环境适应下的共生性设计、羌族地域文化影响下的同构性设计和适宜技术制约下的相宜性设计。结合现代羌族民居模式理论和设计方法,在北川凉风垭羌寨设计项目上进行了方案创作实践,探讨了新民居多元创新的可能性;在茂县安乡羌寨建设上,开展了现代羌族民居建筑模式的工程应用实践,探讨了新民居多元创新的可行性。论文旨在推动羌族民居建筑的可持续发展,一方面为现代羌族民居设计提供技术指引,另一方面为保护及延续弱势的少数民族文化传统作出贡献。
[Abstract]:The Qiang Folk Dwellings have a long history and distinctive features. Under the fast changing social background, the traditional dwellings are undergoing deep changes, showing in the construction system, the functional space, the material replacement, the cultural development and so on. Because of the lack of theoretical research and technical support, the Qiang people's residence is divorced from the ecological advantage under the background of spontaneous transformation. The city residence in the wind city, the phenomenon of lost regional culture, the reconstruction of Wenchuan after the disaster, has promoted the modern transformation of the Qiang people's residence and the need for the development of the modern Qiang people's residence. To find the new logical relationship between the economy, technology, nature, society and modern residence, and to establish the corresponding modern architectural pattern, not only can the modern Qiang people live in the common residence. To solve the problem of sex, and to improve the design theory of residential houses, it has some theoretical significance. This paper takes the modern architectural model of Sichuan Qiang Folk House as the research object, starting with the analysis of the traditional Qiang people's residence and the evolution of the modern Qiang people's residence, applying the theoretical research, the field investigation and the physical environment test, from the building space. Technology, the angle of Qiang architectural culture, the study of modern residential architecture model, systematically discussed the characteristics and evolution rules of the architectural patterns of Qiang Folk House in various historical periods, put forward the theoretical construction and technical construction of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, and finally summed up the regional methods for the design and creation of the Qiang people's residence. From the perspective of the overall view of the Qiang people's living environment, the paper analyzes the formation environment of the traditional Qiang people's residence, and summarizes its regional characteristics and architectural patterns: the regular plane, the vertical function differentiation, and the introverted space are its typical architectural space patterns, which are divided into body shape, thick enclosure, natural material and house isomorphism, and are the basic regional technical models; unique Qiang patterns. The image of the watchtower, the simple texture of the stone and wood, the simple collection form, the building of the building of the tower are the typical cultural language model of the building; the natural ecological view is its simple and natural way to avoid the disaster, the natural ventilation and the climate. The regional gene and the thought essence of the traditional Qiang people's traditional residence are still an important factor in the construction of the modern Qiang people's residence. On the basis of the changes of many factors for the development of the Qiang people's residence, the paper analyses the changes of the functional structure, spatial relations, construction methods and architectural features of the Qiang people's residence, and systematically summarizes the evolution characteristics and evolution rules of the Qiang people's residence in order to find the basis and focus for the design of modern residence creation. The theoretical construction of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, analyses the basic requirements and restrictive elements of the Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, and puts forward three aspects of the construction of modern architecture mode technology from the mode of land use, the compound construction model of the earth and the language pattern of the Qiang people, and through the joint function of the three, the function, technology and culture of the residence are realized three. On the basis of land policy, terrain, combination and force science, the spatial structure of building function is composed of three types: valley type, half mountain type and plateau type, and the design of combination scheme is completed. The compound construction model of raw soil is based on the Qiang Nationality Area The high intensity geological environment, from the angle of selection and optimization of residential structure selection, is based on the suitable technology based composite construction strategy of raw soil, including the mixed construction of stone and wood, the composite construction of stone concrete and the composite construction of stone steel in three modes; the Qiang people's architectural language model mainly studies the "Fang Yan" of the Qiang people's residence, from the courtyard space, the architectural form, the material texture and the establishment of the material texture. On the aspects of surface decoration and color, this paper sums up its expression parts and ways, and finds the way to realize the continuity and inheritance of the architectural culture of the folk house. Based on the regionalism thought, the thesis carries out the theoretical research on the regional design method of the modern Qiang people's residence creation. The aim of the modern Qiang people's residential design is to realize the realization of the natural environment. The symbiosis between the architecture and the environment, under the influence of the Qiang people's society and culture, realizes the inheritance and innovation of the folk houses, and realizes the integration and integration of the suitable technology under the constraints of economic and technological factors. The main design method is the symbiotic design under the adaptation of the natural environment, the isomorphic design under the influence of the regional culture of the Qiang people and the suitable technology under the restriction of the Qiang nationality. In combination with the modern Qiang people's residence model theory and design method, the author carried out the project creation practice on the design project of the Qiang Feng Village in Beichuan and discussed the possibility of multiple innovation in the new folk house. In the construction of the Qiang village in Anxiang, Maoxian, the engineering application practice of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Building model was carried out, and the multiple innovation of the new residential buildings was discussed. The purpose of this paper is to promote the sustainable development of the Qiang people's residence architecture. On the one hand, it provides technical guidance for the design of modern Qiang Folk Houses, on the other hand, contributes to the protection and continuation of the weak minority cultural traditions.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU253
，
本文编号：2170664
[Abstract]:The Qiang Folk Dwellings have a long history and distinctive features. Under the fast changing social background, the traditional dwellings are undergoing deep changes, showing in the construction system, the functional space, the material replacement, the cultural development and so on. Because of the lack of theoretical research and technical support, the Qiang people's residence is divorced from the ecological advantage under the background of spontaneous transformation. The city residence in the wind city, the phenomenon of lost regional culture, the reconstruction of Wenchuan after the disaster, has promoted the modern transformation of the Qiang people's residence and the need for the development of the modern Qiang people's residence. To find the new logical relationship between the economy, technology, nature, society and modern residence, and to establish the corresponding modern architectural pattern, not only can the modern Qiang people live in the common residence. To solve the problem of sex, and to improve the design theory of residential houses, it has some theoretical significance. This paper takes the modern architectural model of Sichuan Qiang Folk House as the research object, starting with the analysis of the traditional Qiang people's residence and the evolution of the modern Qiang people's residence, applying the theoretical research, the field investigation and the physical environment test, from the building space. Technology, the angle of Qiang architectural culture, the study of modern residential architecture model, systematically discussed the characteristics and evolution rules of the architectural patterns of Qiang Folk House in various historical periods, put forward the theoretical construction and technical construction of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, and finally summed up the regional methods for the design and creation of the Qiang people's residence. From the perspective of the overall view of the Qiang people's living environment, the paper analyzes the formation environment of the traditional Qiang people's residence, and summarizes its regional characteristics and architectural patterns: the regular plane, the vertical function differentiation, and the introverted space are its typical architectural space patterns, which are divided into body shape, thick enclosure, natural material and house isomorphism, and are the basic regional technical models; unique Qiang patterns. The image of the watchtower, the simple texture of the stone and wood, the simple collection form, the building of the building of the tower are the typical cultural language model of the building; the natural ecological view is its simple and natural way to avoid the disaster, the natural ventilation and the climate. The regional gene and the thought essence of the traditional Qiang people's traditional residence are still an important factor in the construction of the modern Qiang people's residence. On the basis of the changes of many factors for the development of the Qiang people's residence, the paper analyses the changes of the functional structure, spatial relations, construction methods and architectural features of the Qiang people's residence, and systematically summarizes the evolution characteristics and evolution rules of the Qiang people's residence in order to find the basis and focus for the design of modern residence creation. The theoretical construction of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, analyses the basic requirements and restrictive elements of the Qiang Folk Residence Architecture model, and puts forward three aspects of the construction of modern architecture mode technology from the mode of land use, the compound construction model of the earth and the language pattern of the Qiang people, and through the joint function of the three, the function, technology and culture of the residence are realized three. On the basis of land policy, terrain, combination and force science, the spatial structure of building function is composed of three types: valley type, half mountain type and plateau type, and the design of combination scheme is completed. The compound construction model of raw soil is based on the Qiang Nationality Area The high intensity geological environment, from the angle of selection and optimization of residential structure selection, is based on the suitable technology based composite construction strategy of raw soil, including the mixed construction of stone and wood, the composite construction of stone concrete and the composite construction of stone steel in three modes; the Qiang people's architectural language model mainly studies the "Fang Yan" of the Qiang people's residence, from the courtyard space, the architectural form, the material texture and the establishment of the material texture. On the aspects of surface decoration and color, this paper sums up its expression parts and ways, and finds the way to realize the continuity and inheritance of the architectural culture of the folk house. Based on the regionalism thought, the thesis carries out the theoretical research on the regional design method of the modern Qiang people's residence creation. The aim of the modern Qiang people's residential design is to realize the realization of the natural environment. The symbiosis between the architecture and the environment, under the influence of the Qiang people's society and culture, realizes the inheritance and innovation of the folk houses, and realizes the integration and integration of the suitable technology under the constraints of economic and technological factors. The main design method is the symbiotic design under the adaptation of the natural environment, the isomorphic design under the influence of the regional culture of the Qiang people and the suitable technology under the restriction of the Qiang nationality. In combination with the modern Qiang people's residence model theory and design method, the author carried out the project creation practice on the design project of the Qiang Feng Village in Beichuan and discussed the possibility of multiple innovation in the new folk house. In the construction of the Qiang village in Anxiang, Maoxian, the engineering application practice of the modern Qiang Folk Residence Building model was carried out, and the multiple innovation of the new residential buildings was discussed. The purpose of this paper is to promote the sustainable development of the Qiang people's residence architecture. On the one hand, it provides technical guidance for the design of modern Qiang Folk Houses, on the other hand, contributes to the protection and continuation of the weak minority cultural traditions.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU253
，
本文编号：2170664
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