新型城镇化背景下广州乡村景观建设研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 12:01

【摘要】：乡村曾是中国传统文化的原乡、伦理的根基、农耕文明的发源地。从“新农村建设”、“城乡统筹”、“美丽乡村”等都强调乡村之于中国现代化发展的战略意义,国家“新型城镇化”的提出,则为中国乡村的具体发展提供了一个崭新的背景和思路。随着城市化进程的加速,乡村地区由传统农业向现代农业进行转变,乡村景观是乡村自然、经济、社会、文化的复合体,是现代乡村建设过程中的重要载体。本文对国内外乡村景观的理论研究进行梳理;对国内乡村建设以时间为序进行概述,从乡村景观广泛性、公共性、自然性三个基本特性入手,结合乡村景观的自然要素、经济要素、社会要素、文化要素四个构成要素,同时深入研究促进乡村景观发展的内外推动力,对乡村景观的内涵进行了总结与提炼。回顾广州市乡村建设的历程,以乡村景观为出发点,以广州各区代表:白云山的白山村、南沙区的大稳村、番禺区的坑头村和新水坑村、增城区的大埔围村为研究对象,通过实地调研、资料收集,对比分析广州市不同乡村类型的村庄聚落景观、农业景观和自然生态景观,并探讨如何进行有效资源改造和优化,减少对自然的干扰,科学合理的引导乡村景观的多样化可持续发展。最后总结出广州市不同乡村类型的景观建设研究:乡土观光农业型乡村应当挖掘资源,预留空间;沙田水乡农业型乡村应当以水为媒重点打造;城郊产业型乡村集约统一,生产方式向非农产业转变;生态独立型乡村一村一品地实现就地城镇化。村庄聚落景观的延续与更新中,整体景观格局应当新旧协调、强化可识别性;建筑风貌采用保护、改建、拆除、置换等方式更新和发展;公共空间在必要性劳动生产空间、自发性邻里空间、社会性的集体空间功能打造。农田景观能够保证农田完整性,以园地、林地增强景观格局的稳定性,集农业体验与科普一起,对生命历程具有教育意义。自然生态景观起到绿色基础设施作用,构建景观安全格局。乡村景观的多元化整治策略中,自然要素是乡村景观的核心要素,应当注重有机拓展、空间特色差异化;经济要素是乡村发展的主要推动力,挖掘农业产业化、延伸价值链;社会要素能够积极引导社交空间建设,提高村民的公共参与性:文化要素能协调乡村人与自然的关系,通过保持、挖掘、渗透到乡村现代生产与生活之中,形成以原住村民为主体的文化认同。
[Abstract]:The countryside was the original village of Chinese traditional culture, the foundation of ethics and the birthplace of farming civilization. From "New Countryside Construction", "Urban-Rural overall Planning", "Beautiful Countryside" and so on, it emphasizes the strategic significance of rural areas to the development of China's modernization, and puts forward the national "new-type urbanization". It provides a new background and train of thought for the concrete development of Chinese countryside. With the acceleration of urbanization, rural areas are changing from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Rural landscape is a complex of rural nature, economy, society and culture, and an important carrier in the process of modern rural construction. This paper combs the theoretical research of rural landscape at home and abroad, summarizes the rural construction at home and abroad in order of time, starts with the three basic characteristics of rural landscape, such as extensiveness, publicity and naturalness, and combines the natural elements of rural landscape. Economic factor, social factor and cultural factor are four elements. At the same time, the internal and external impetus to promote the development of rural landscape is deeply studied, and the connotation of rural landscape is summarized and refined. Looking back on the course of rural construction in Guangzhou, taking the rural landscape as the starting point, taking the representatives of various districts in Guangzhou as follows: Baishan Village in Baiyun Mountain, Dazing Village in Nansha District, Hang Tau Village and Xinshui Hang Village in Panyu District, Tai Po Wai Village in Zengcheng District as research objects. Through field investigation, data collection, comparative analysis of village settlement landscape, agricultural landscape and natural ecological landscape of different rural types in Guangzhou, and how to improve and optimize effective resources to reduce interference to nature, Scientific and reasonable guidance of rural landscape diversification and sustainable development. Finally summed up the landscape construction of different types of rural areas in Guangzhou: rural tourism agriculture rural resources should be excavated, reserved space; Shatin water rural agricultural villages should focus on water as a medium; suburban industrial type of rural intensive unity, The mode of production is transformed to non-agricultural industry, and the ecological independent village realizes the local urbanization. In the continuation and renewal of the village settlement landscape, the overall landscape pattern should be coordinated with the old and new, and the identifiability should be strengthened; the architectural style and features should be renewed and developed by means of protection, reconstruction, demolition, replacement, etc. Spontaneous neighborhood space, social collective space function building. Farmland landscape can guarantee the integrity of farmland, strengthen the stability of landscape pattern by garden and forest land, and combine agricultural experience with science popularization, which is of educational significance to life course. The natural ecological landscape plays the role of green infrastructure and constructs the landscape security pattern. In the strategy of rural landscape diversification, natural elements are the core elements of rural landscape, which should pay attention to organic development, spatial differentiation, economic factor is the main driving force of rural development, excavate agricultural industrialization, extend value chain; Social elements can actively guide the construction of social space, improve the public participation of villagers: cultural elements can coordinate the relationship between rural people and nature, through the maintenance, mining, infiltration into the rural modern production and life, To form the original villagers as the main body of cultural identity.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU982.29

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