城市内涝积水量计算模型研究与应用

发布时间：2018-08-23 14:27

【摘要】：城市内涝的产流、汇流、积水集一体的计算模型是城市防洪规划，，排水管网的设计，积水点治理的理论依据。根据我国国情，对解决城市内涝需要更换城市排水系统是不现实的，城市各区域的防洪能力是不同的，一个城市形成的内涝主要表现在局部的点区域，研究这些点区域的积水深度，对治理城市内涝具有很大的意义。本文针对这种情况，在前人研究的产汇流计算模型基础上，加了积水计算模型，对城市雨水的产流、汇流、积水的计算方法及模型的构建等方面作了系统的分析。通过理论论证和模型的检验与应用，主要取得如下研究成果： (1)通过对城市暴雨多种产流计算方法的分析比较，得出对于城市地面由多种下垫面组成的不透水区，产流计算可采用径流系数法，不同下垫面对应不同系数。径流系数法计算城市地表不透水区的产流，计算方法简单，结果较精确；对于城市地表透水区的计算采用研究区的实验下渗率计算。 (2)通过对城市暴雨地表汇流计算方法的分析比较，本文采用瞬时单位线法对城市地表汇流进行计算。瞬时单位线法是指，均匀分布的单位净雨在无穷小时段流域上所形成的流域出口断面的地面径流过程线，反映了区域汇流特征，参数个数较少。 (3)管网汇流计算复杂，本文采用截流系数计算被雨口截流的雨量，截流系数的选择通过计算及参照前人研究成果综合确定。截流效率与雨强、道路的纵向坡度、横向坡度、路面粗糙度、道路的宽度和长度，雨水口的形式、数量及大小有关。超越雨水口的雨量称为超越雨量，会在下游低洼处汇集，形成积水。 (4)积水量W相当于小水库容积V计算，只是超过排水能力的积水量不是蓄在水库中而是贮于地面洼地之中，这里的调洪是雨水口泄水调洪。 (5)建立了由地表产流、地表汇流、管网汇流、积水构成的城市内涝积水计算模型。通过对模型的验证与应用，结果表明：模型的结构是合理的，计算结果符合实际，不仅能较真实的反映城市地表径流量过程线，还能计算出积水区域的积水深度。模型的建立为城市内涝的治理提供了理论依据，使整个城市的内涝治理，变成局部积水点的治理，经济节约。
[Abstract]:The calculation model of urban waterlogging is the theoretical basis of urban flood control planning, drainage pipe network design and water accumulation control.According to the national conditions of our country, it is unrealistic to replace the urban drainage system to solve urban waterlogging.The flood control ability of each urban area is different, and the main waterlogging table formed by a city is different. At present, it is of great significance to study the depth of water accumulation in local point areas for controlling urban waterlogging.
In this paper, basing on the calculation model of runoff yield and runoff confluence studied by predecessors, a calculation model of accumulated water is added to systematically analyze the runoff yield, convergence, calculation method of accumulated water and the construction of the model.
(1) Through the analysis and comparison of various runoff yield calculation methods for urban rainstorm, it is concluded that the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas composed of various underlying surfaces, and the runoff coefficient method can be used to calculate the runoff yield in impervious areas of urban surface. The calculation of urban surface permeability area is based on the experimental infiltration rate in the study area.
(2) By analyzing and comparing the calculation methods of urban storm surface confluence, this paper uses the instantaneous unit line method to calculate urban surface confluence. The number is less.
(3) The calculation of pipe network confluence is very complicated. In this paper, the interception coefficient is used to calculate the rainfall intercepted by the rain mouth. The selection of interception coefficient is determined by calculation and referring to previous research results. The rainfall at the mouth of the rainy mouth is called excess rainfall, which converges at the lower reaches of the lower reaches to form stagnant water.
(4) The water storage W is equivalent to the volume V of a small reservoir, but the water storage exceeding the drainage capacity is not stored in the reservoir but in the surface depression, where the flood control is the discharge of rainwater.
(5) Establish a calculation model of urban waterlogging and water accumulation consisting of surface runoff, surface confluence, pipe network confluence and water accumulation. The results show that the structure of the model is reasonable and the calculation results accord with the reality. It can not only reflect the urban surface runoff process line more truly, but also calculate the water depth of the water accumulation area. The establishment of the model provides a theoretical basis for the control of urban waterlogging, so that the whole city's waterlogging control, into a local point of water management, economic saving.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992

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