装载机载荷谱测试方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 18:26
【摘要】：近几年随着国家经济增长速度逐渐放缓,装载机作为国内最成熟的工程机械产品之一,市场需求相对减少,其可靠性与使用寿命日益受到制造企业和用户的重视。传动系统和工作装置作为装载机的两大核心组成部分,在持续的随机载荷作用下,各零部件容易产生疲劳损失,严重影响整机使用性能和寿命,因此研究一种实用的传动系统和工作装置载荷谱采集方法、编制方法和应用方法,是提高我国目前装载机质量可靠性的关键所在。本文首先给出了装载机整机载荷谱试验的操作方法,包括装载机的作业工况的选择、作业路线的制定、铲装方法的选取、物料以及试验场地的准备等。然后在对徐工ZL50G装载机各部分结构参数研究分析后,结合现有研究成果,对其传动系统和工作装置载荷谱载荷测试方法进行了研究。传动系统方面:详细的给出了采用电阻应变片和近程遥测技术相结合的方法测试传动轴以及半轴扭矩的步骤;提出了测量驱动桥垂直桥荷的三种方案并分析了各自的优缺点;给出了测试发动机转速和油门开度大小以及间接获得发动机扭矩的方法;设计了记录装载机挡位信号的电路;另外还给出了其他部件参数的获取方式,例如液力变距器的各项参数,传动轴、车轮等零部件转速,转向油缸的位移与压力等。工作装置方面:主要设计了一套完整的装载机铲斗外载荷测试方案,该方案主要是通过设计测量动臂-铲斗铰接处销轴受力的销轴传感器和连杆受力传感器间接得出铲斗所受的外载荷(包括径向载荷、侧向载荷、偏载);在工作装置姿态确定下,给出了工作装置各铰点坐标的计算方法;最后提出了两种验证工作装置销轴传感器和连杆传感器测量数据准确度的方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the national economic growth rate slowing down, loader as one of the most mature construction machinery products in China, the market demand is relatively reduced, its reliability and service life has been increasingly valued by manufacturing enterprises and users. Transmission system and working device are the two core components of loader. Under the action of continuous random load, the parts and components are prone to fatigue losses, which seriously affect the performance and life of the whole machine. Therefore, it is the key to improve the quality and reliability of loaders in our country to study a practical method of collecting load spectrum of transmission system and working device, compiling method and application method. In this paper, the operating methods of load spectrum test for loaders are first given, including the selection of working conditions, the formulation of operation routes, the selection of shovel loading methods, the preparation of materials and test sites, and so on. Then, after studying and analyzing the structural parameters of Xugong ZL50G loader, combined with the existing research results, the load spectrum load test method of its transmission system and working device is studied. In the aspect of transmission system, the steps of measuring the torque of drive shaft and half shaft by using resistance strain gauge and short-range telemetry technology are given in detail, and three schemes of measuring vertical load of drive axle are put forward and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The method of measuring engine speed and throttle opening degree and indirectly obtaining engine torque is given. The circuit of recording loader's baffle signal is designed, and the method of obtaining parameters of other components is also given. For example, the parameters of hydraulic range changer, speed of parts such as drive shaft and wheel, displacement and pressure of steering cylinder, etc. Working device: mainly designed a complete load testing scheme of loader bucket, In this scheme, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly by designing the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod force sensor which measure the pin shaft force at the hinge of the arm and bucket joint, and when the working device attitude is determined, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly. The calculation method of the coordinate of each hinge point of the working device is given, and two methods to verify the accuracy of the measuring data of the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod sensor of the working device are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH243
本文编号：2201664
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the national economic growth rate slowing down, loader as one of the most mature construction machinery products in China, the market demand is relatively reduced, its reliability and service life has been increasingly valued by manufacturing enterprises and users. Transmission system and working device are the two core components of loader. Under the action of continuous random load, the parts and components are prone to fatigue losses, which seriously affect the performance and life of the whole machine. Therefore, it is the key to improve the quality and reliability of loaders in our country to study a practical method of collecting load spectrum of transmission system and working device, compiling method and application method. In this paper, the operating methods of load spectrum test for loaders are first given, including the selection of working conditions, the formulation of operation routes, the selection of shovel loading methods, the preparation of materials and test sites, and so on. Then, after studying and analyzing the structural parameters of Xugong ZL50G loader, combined with the existing research results, the load spectrum load test method of its transmission system and working device is studied. In the aspect of transmission system, the steps of measuring the torque of drive shaft and half shaft by using resistance strain gauge and short-range telemetry technology are given in detail, and three schemes of measuring vertical load of drive axle are put forward and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The method of measuring engine speed and throttle opening degree and indirectly obtaining engine torque is given. The circuit of recording loader's baffle signal is designed, and the method of obtaining parameters of other components is also given. For example, the parameters of hydraulic range changer, speed of parts such as drive shaft and wheel, displacement and pressure of steering cylinder, etc. Working device: mainly designed a complete load testing scheme of loader bucket, In this scheme, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly by designing the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod force sensor which measure the pin shaft force at the hinge of the arm and bucket joint, and when the working device attitude is determined, the external load (including radial load, lateral load, biasing load) of the bucket is obtained indirectly. The calculation method of the coordinate of each hinge point of the working device is given, and two methods to verify the accuracy of the measuring data of the pin shaft sensor and the connecting rod sensor of the working device are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH243
【参考文献】
中国期刊全文数据库 前1条
1 刘永臣;;轮式装载机传动系载荷测试与处理[J];筑路机械与施工机械化;2011年08期
，本文编号：2201664
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