基于优化算法的参数化建筑设计探究
发布时间：2018-08-27 08:48
【摘要】：我们生活的这个年代,正是电子、计算机和网络技术飞速发展,再一次改变世界的时候。电子商务、移动计算及物联网正在改变着人们的生活方式,使很多行业重新洗牌。建筑行业身处这样的大潮中应该如何?通常来说,建筑学的发展通常会滞后于其他学科,每一次的设计革命都是在其他相关思想及技术做好充分准备后才爆发的。过去一次计算机的技术革命使建筑师从尺规纸笔中解放出来,现在互联网的技术革命则正在改变建筑师与社会对接的方式一一许多人用众筹资金发起自建房项目,但是这样的改变还不够。回到设计本身,计算机和软件的进步降低了技术的使用门槛,使得普通建筑师也能解决一定程度的复杂设计问题。参数化设计在其他行业应用已久后,终于来到了建筑师手中。目前,这种方法处于建筑设计的最前沿。除了技术因素,当代的美学、哲学和社会思想也相比前现代时期发生了巨大的变化。启蒙运动后的第一次工业革命开启了现代的开端,彼时的世界是以霸主日不落帝国为中心的单极化世界,科学理性的思维占据主流地位,随之而来的先锋派建筑也反映了社会的工具理性。当代世界格局已经日趋多级化,思想也趋于多元化、去中心化,人们发现传统科学并不能很好的解释一些混沌复杂的现象。建筑作为社会的橱窗,应该反映和体现社会的复杂性。参数化建筑作为当前建筑发展的排头兵,不仅仅可以用来作为展示社会发展特性的橱窗,还应该向更科学合理的方向发展、引领建筑发展的趋势,适应时代可持续发展的要求。参数化设计作为一种强调逻辑和理性的算法生成建模设计方法,给建筑设计带来了强烈的科学性。然而,当前的参数化设计还不十分成熟,国人对于参数化设计的认识,多停留在表皮设计的层次。如何使参数化设计真正为建筑师所用,帮助建筑师在方案建模阶段科学、合理地构思方案,是本文探讨的主要内容。这里的科学、合理,笔者在本文中的定义是参数化设计结合建筑物理、结构性能的优化设计。为了实现参数化设计结合建筑物理、结构性能的优化设计,必须借助当前强有力的计算机平台优化算法,主要是遗传算法。本文首先探索了遗传算法在参数化设计平台中的实现过程和优化计算的特点,进而用该案例总结出来的经验,用当前经典的参数化建筑案例来验证这一套方法。笔者将这些案例重新建模、分析、评估和优化,通过优化前后的对比分析验证这个参数化优化设计平台的实用性,最终得出有效的结论。最后作为全文的升华,笔者总结了解决预制模块对特定性能分析结果的适配(比如开窗)优化问题的数学模型,模型基于成熟的概率论与数理统计学,是科学而可靠的,使本文提出的优化方法具有了普遍适应性。
[Abstract]:We live in a time when electronics, computers and networks are booming and changing the world again. E-commerce, mobile computing and the Internet of things are changing the way people live, reshuffling many industries. What should the construction industry do in such a tide? In general, architecture often lags behind other disciplines, and every design revolution takes place after other related ideas and technologies are well prepared. In the past, a computer technology revolution freed architects from rules and pens, and now the technological revolution in the Internet is changing the way architects connect with society-many people use crowdfunding to start self-built housing projects. But such a change is not enough. Back to design itself, advances in computers and software have lowered the barriers to technology, enabling ordinary architects to solve a certain degree of complex design problems. Parametric design has been used in other industries for a long time, and finally came to the hands of the architect. At present, this method is at the forefront of architectural design. In addition to technical factors, contemporary aesthetics, philosophy and social thought have undergone great changes compared with the pre-modern period. The first industrial revolution after the Enlightenment started the modern era. At that time, the world was a unipolar world centered on the dominant empire, and scientific and rational thinking dominated the mainstream. The following avant-garde architecture also reflects the instrumental rationality of society. The contemporary world pattern has become more and more multilevel, the thought also tends to be diversified, decentralization, people find that the traditional science can not explain some chaotic and complex phenomena well. Architecture as a social window, should reflect and reflect the complexity of society. As the vanguard of the current architectural development, parameterized architecture can not only be used as a window to display the characteristics of social development, but also should be developed in a more scientific and reasonable direction, leading the trend of architectural development and adapting to the requirements of the sustainable development of the times. Parameterized design, as a method of modeling and modeling, which emphasizes logic and rationality, brings a strong scientific nature to architectural design. However, the current parametric design is not very mature, the Chinese people for parametric design, mostly stay in the layer of skin design. How to make the parameterized design really used by the architect and help the architect to conceive the scheme scientifically and reasonably in the stage of scheme modeling is the main content of this paper. The definition in this paper is parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance optimization design. In order to realize the optimal design of parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance, it is necessary to use the powerful computer platform optimization algorithm, mainly genetic algorithm. This paper first explores the realization process of genetic algorithm in the parameterized design platform and the characteristics of optimization calculation, and then uses the experience summed up by this case to verify this method with the classical parameterized building case. The author remodels, analyzes, evaluates and optimizes these cases, and verifies the practicability of the parameterized optimization design platform through comparative analysis before and after optimization, and finally draws an effective conclusion. Finally, as the sublimation of the full text, the author summarizes the mathematical model to solve the optimization problem of the prefabricated modules for specific performance analysis results (such as window opening). The model is scientific and reliable based on mature probability theory and mathematical statistics. The optimization method proposed in this paper has universal adaptability.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201
本文编号：2206728
[Abstract]:We live in a time when electronics, computers and networks are booming and changing the world again. E-commerce, mobile computing and the Internet of things are changing the way people live, reshuffling many industries. What should the construction industry do in such a tide? In general, architecture often lags behind other disciplines, and every design revolution takes place after other related ideas and technologies are well prepared. In the past, a computer technology revolution freed architects from rules and pens, and now the technological revolution in the Internet is changing the way architects connect with society-many people use crowdfunding to start self-built housing projects. But such a change is not enough. Back to design itself, advances in computers and software have lowered the barriers to technology, enabling ordinary architects to solve a certain degree of complex design problems. Parametric design has been used in other industries for a long time, and finally came to the hands of the architect. At present, this method is at the forefront of architectural design. In addition to technical factors, contemporary aesthetics, philosophy and social thought have undergone great changes compared with the pre-modern period. The first industrial revolution after the Enlightenment started the modern era. At that time, the world was a unipolar world centered on the dominant empire, and scientific and rational thinking dominated the mainstream. The following avant-garde architecture also reflects the instrumental rationality of society. The contemporary world pattern has become more and more multilevel, the thought also tends to be diversified, decentralization, people find that the traditional science can not explain some chaotic and complex phenomena well. Architecture as a social window, should reflect and reflect the complexity of society. As the vanguard of the current architectural development, parameterized architecture can not only be used as a window to display the characteristics of social development, but also should be developed in a more scientific and reasonable direction, leading the trend of architectural development and adapting to the requirements of the sustainable development of the times. Parameterized design, as a method of modeling and modeling, which emphasizes logic and rationality, brings a strong scientific nature to architectural design. However, the current parametric design is not very mature, the Chinese people for parametric design, mostly stay in the layer of skin design. How to make the parameterized design really used by the architect and help the architect to conceive the scheme scientifically and reasonably in the stage of scheme modeling is the main content of this paper. The definition in this paper is parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance optimization design. In order to realize the optimal design of parametric design combined with architectural physics and structural performance, it is necessary to use the powerful computer platform optimization algorithm, mainly genetic algorithm. This paper first explores the realization process of genetic algorithm in the parameterized design platform and the characteristics of optimization calculation, and then uses the experience summed up by this case to verify this method with the classical parameterized building case. The author remodels, analyzes, evaluates and optimizes these cases, and verifies the practicability of the parameterized optimization design platform through comparative analysis before and after optimization, and finally draws an effective conclusion. Finally, as the sublimation of the full text, the author summarizes the mathematical model to solve the optimization problem of the prefabricated modules for specific performance analysis results (such as window opening). The model is scientific and reliable based on mature probability theory and mathematical statistics. The optimization method proposed in this paper has universal adaptability.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201
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