基于全生命周期的建筑碳排放评价模型

发布时间：2018-09-04 10:38

【摘要】：全球变暖是当下人们讨论最热烈的话题之一,同时也是环境问题影响最为严峻的,其带来的后果不可想象,而目前最为首要的任务就是通过控制温室气体的排放量以延缓全球变暖的节奏。建筑产业的碳排放量占总碳排放量的近三分之一,从建筑产业入手,实现能源的高效利用,减少二氧化碳排放量,实现低碳建设以及追求运营期的零排放。本文的主要目的是建立对建筑的碳排放评价模型,以期通过对建筑的低碳性评价结果,提高政府、开发商、消费者等全社会的低碳意识。首先对低碳的国际背景环境进行了简要分析,发现无论是来自国际减排压力还是本国的环境、资源压力,建筑低碳化是亟待解决的问题,接着对单体建筑进行全生命周期的碳排放量核算,并对各阶段的碳放量进行比较分析,得出运营维护阶段的碳排放量比重最大,其次是物化阶段,而设计阶段的碳排放量可以略去不计,但其对低碳建筑的影响性却不可忽略。根据碳排放核算模型归结出了影响碳排放量的因素,在此基础上结合国内外评价模型的指标设置,通过调查问卷的形式向同行专家学者就指标的重要性征集意见,经因子分析得出了低碳评价模型的指标体系结构,再就每一指标给出详细的评价得分点,综合运用层次分析法与灰色综合评价方法构建低碳评价模型,最后选取一个项目实例进行评价分析以验证模型的可操作性。在文章的最后对低碳的经济效益进行了简要的分析,低碳建筑较普通建筑在建筑期要投入较大的成本进行低碳建设,但其显著的投资回收需在运营期才有体现,这就导致了投资与收益的主体不同,阻碍了建筑的低碳化进程,因此需从政府的角度进行调配。
[Abstract]:Global warming is one of the hottest topics to be discussed, and the impact of environmental problems is the most severe, with unimaginable consequences. The top priority is to slow the pace of global warming by controlling greenhouse gas emissions. The construction industry accounts for nearly 1/3 of the total carbon emissions, starting from the construction industry, to achieve efficient use of energy, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, achieve low-carbon construction and pursue zero emissions in the operation period. The main purpose of this paper is to establish the evaluation model of carbon emission of buildings, in order to improve the low carbon consciousness of the whole society, such as government, developers, consumers and so on. First of all, a brief analysis of the low carbon international background environment is carried out, and it is found that no matter whether it comes from the international emission reduction pressure or the domestic environment, the resource pressure and the building low carbonization are the urgent problems to be solved. Then the whole life cycle of the individual building carbon emissions accounting, and each phase of carbon emissions comparative analysis, the operation and maintenance of the largest proportion of carbon emissions, followed by physical and chemical stage, The design stage of carbon emissions can be omitted, but its impact on low-carbon buildings can not be ignored. According to the carbon emission accounting model, the factors affecting the carbon emissions are summed up. On this basis, combined with the index setting of the domestic and foreign evaluation model, through the form of questionnaire to the peer experts and scholars to solicit opinions on the importance of the indicators. The index system structure of low carbon evaluation model is obtained by factor analysis, and then the detailed evaluation score points are given for each index, and the low carbon evaluation model is constructed by using analytic hierarchy process and grey comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, a project example is selected for evaluation and analysis to verify the maneuverability of the model. At the end of the article, the economic benefits of low-carbon buildings are analyzed briefly. Compared with ordinary buildings, low-carbon buildings need to invest more in low carbon construction, but their significant investment recovery needs to be reflected in the operation period. This leads to the difference between the main body of investment and income, hinders the process of low-carbon construction, and therefore needs to be deployed from the government's point of view.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5

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