建筑物火灾隐患分类分级研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 17:12
【摘要】：火灾事故极易造成群死群伤,通过事故统计,造成建筑物火灾事故的直接原因大部分是火灾隐患,而我国目前对火灾隐患的分级管控机制不到位,法律法规对火灾隐患分级缺乏理论性和定量指导,监督检查人员凭借经验,容易造成火灾隐患整改不当。为了火灾隐患科学化治理,须建立科学的火灾隐患分类分级方法,按照火灾隐患致因风险对火灾隐患进行分级管控分级治理,达到及时排查及时治理的目的。本文基于风险角度,对建筑物火灾隐患进行分类分级,创造性提出基于火灾隐患和激发因素的建筑物火灾隐患致因风险可能性分级方法,并通过不同类别建筑物赋初始值并根据实际情况选取指标进行修正的方法来确定火灾事故后果严重度,进而求得火灾隐患等级。本文具体从以下几个方面开展:(1)从火灾隐患和事故隐患定义入手,确定建筑物火灾隐患判定方法。分析事故致因理论和火灾发生与发展过程,建立火灾发生与发展事故模型,并绘制火灾发生与发展过程事故树。提出基于火灾隐患和激发因素的火灾隐患分类分级方法。(2)确定火灾发生与发展两个事故过程的可能性影响因素和事故结构函数。根据火灾发生与发展事故模型,得到火灾事故发生与发展的可能性影响因素为火灾隐患和激发因素。分析隐患在火灾发生与发展过程中的作用,将火灾分为事前隐患和事中隐患。(3)确定各影响因素的取值范围及等级。用隐患暴露概率对事前隐患和事中隐患进行可能性等级确定,选取8-12小时和12-24小时运营制建筑物为对象计算得到了隐患暴露概率取值范围和等级;通过选取关键词和矩阵分析法,求得激发因素概率取值范围和等级。(4)确定火灾事故取值范围及等级。对不同建筑物进行分类,通过不同建筑物赋不同初始值,并选取人员伤亡、财产损失和停产停业三个关键指标对初始值进行修正的方法确定火灾事故后果取值范围及等级。(5)确定基于火灾隐患和激发因素的火灾隐患等级。根据初始事故和最终事故的可能性取值范围及火灾事故后果取值范围,通过风险分析方法,计算具体火灾隐患的致因风险,通过致因风险的取值范围确定火灾隐患的等级。(6)实证研究。将本文提出的方法应用于某建筑物,得到了实质性效果。
[Abstract]:Fire accidents are easy to cause mass deaths and injuries. Through accident statistics, the direct cause of building fire accidents is mostly hidden fire hazards, but the classification control mechanism of fire hazards is not in place in our country. The laws and regulations lack theoretical and quantitative guidance for the classification of fire hidden dangers, and the supervisors and inspectors rely on their experience to easily cause the fire hazards to be corrected improperly. In order to control the hidden fire danger scientifically, it is necessary to establish a scientific classification and classification method for the hidden fire hazard, and to manage the hidden fire hazard according to the risk caused by the hidden fire hazard, so as to achieve the aim of timely investigation and treatment. Based on the risk perspective, this paper classifies and classifies the hidden fire hazards of buildings, and creatively puts forward a classification method of the possibility of fire hazards caused by building fire hazards based on fire hazards and motivating factors. The severity of fire accident consequence is determined by the method of setting initial value of different kinds of buildings and selecting indexes according to the actual situation, and the grade of fire hidden danger is obtained. In this paper, the following aspects are carried out: (1) starting with the definition of hidden fire hazard and accident hidden danger, the method of judging building fire hazard is determined. This paper analyzes the theory of accident cause and the process of fire occurrence and development, establishes the fire occurrence and development accident model, and draws the accident tree of fire occurrence and development process. A classification and classification method of fire hazards based on fire hazards and fire excitation factors is proposed. (2) the possibility factors and accident structure functions of fire occurrence and development are determined. According to the fire occurrence and development accident model, the possibility factors of fire accident occurrence and development are fire hidden danger and excitation factor. This paper analyzes the role of hidden danger in the process of fire occurrence and development, and divides the fire hazard into prior hidden danger and hidden danger. (3) to determine the range and grade of each influencing factor. Using the probability of hidden danger exposure to determine the probability of hidden danger and hidden danger in the event, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours of operation of the building as the object of the calculation of the hidden danger exposure probability value range and grade; By selecting key words and matrix analysis, the range and grade of the probability of the excitation factor are obtained. (4) the range and grade of the fire accident are determined. Classify different buildings, assign different initial values to different buildings, and select casualties, Three key indexes of property loss and shutdown are used to correct the initial value to determine the range and grade of fire accident consequence. (5) to determine the grade of fire hazard based on fire hidden danger and excitation factor. According to the range of the possibility of the initial accident and the final accident and the range of the fire accident consequence, the cause risk of the specific hidden fire hazard is calculated by the method of risk analysis. The grade of fire hazard is determined by the range of risk. (6) empirical study. The method proposed in this paper is applied to a certain building, and the substantial effect is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1
本文编号：2228895
[Abstract]:Fire accidents are easy to cause mass deaths and injuries. Through accident statistics, the direct cause of building fire accidents is mostly hidden fire hazards, but the classification control mechanism of fire hazards is not in place in our country. The laws and regulations lack theoretical and quantitative guidance for the classification of fire hidden dangers, and the supervisors and inspectors rely on their experience to easily cause the fire hazards to be corrected improperly. In order to control the hidden fire danger scientifically, it is necessary to establish a scientific classification and classification method for the hidden fire hazard, and to manage the hidden fire hazard according to the risk caused by the hidden fire hazard, so as to achieve the aim of timely investigation and treatment. Based on the risk perspective, this paper classifies and classifies the hidden fire hazards of buildings, and creatively puts forward a classification method of the possibility of fire hazards caused by building fire hazards based on fire hazards and motivating factors. The severity of fire accident consequence is determined by the method of setting initial value of different kinds of buildings and selecting indexes according to the actual situation, and the grade of fire hidden danger is obtained. In this paper, the following aspects are carried out: (1) starting with the definition of hidden fire hazard and accident hidden danger, the method of judging building fire hazard is determined. This paper analyzes the theory of accident cause and the process of fire occurrence and development, establishes the fire occurrence and development accident model, and draws the accident tree of fire occurrence and development process. A classification and classification method of fire hazards based on fire hazards and fire excitation factors is proposed. (2) the possibility factors and accident structure functions of fire occurrence and development are determined. According to the fire occurrence and development accident model, the possibility factors of fire accident occurrence and development are fire hidden danger and excitation factor. This paper analyzes the role of hidden danger in the process of fire occurrence and development, and divides the fire hazard into prior hidden danger and hidden danger. (3) to determine the range and grade of each influencing factor. Using the probability of hidden danger exposure to determine the probability of hidden danger and hidden danger in the event, 8-12 hours and 12-24 hours of operation of the building as the object of the calculation of the hidden danger exposure probability value range and grade; By selecting key words and matrix analysis, the range and grade of the probability of the excitation factor are obtained. (4) the range and grade of the fire accident are determined. Classify different buildings, assign different initial values to different buildings, and select casualties, Three key indexes of property loss and shutdown are used to correct the initial value to determine the range and grade of fire accident consequence. (5) to determine the grade of fire hazard based on fire hidden danger and excitation factor. According to the range of the possibility of the initial accident and the final accident and the range of the fire accident consequence, the cause risk of the specific hidden fire hazard is calculated by the method of risk analysis. The grade of fire hazard is determined by the range of risk. (6) empirical study. The method proposed in this paper is applied to a certain building, and the substantial effect is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1
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