基于3R理念的木建筑节材优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 19:31

【摘要】：木建筑凭借其优越的环保性能,亲切自然的性格和质朴迷人的审美取向,在全世界掀起兴建的热潮。然而中国目前林业资源十分短缺,建造用木材严重依赖进口,同时还存在着大量废旧木材无法得到充分回收利用的问题,这极大限制了我国木建筑的发展。因此本文在此背景之下,以绿色建筑的“3R”节材理念为线索,运用集中梳理、比较研究法、学科交叉等方法展开了对木建筑节材优化的研究,以期能够为我国未来的木建筑设计及建造提供可行的节材策略,达到保护林业资源和生态环境、降低经济负担等目的。“3R”理念分别指代“Reduce”,“Reuse”和“Recycle"三个层级,本文分别针对每一个层级提出相应的建筑设计和建造节材策略,并辅以案例模拟做出分析验证。“Reduce"即减量化,旨在有效减少建筑木材的投入,对此本文提出相应的建筑设计策略——加大结构合理性、提高空间效率和构件的轻量化与简化、选择代木复合用材等;和建造策略——提高预制比重和创新加工技术,并提出空心井干木屋模拟案例,以验证前文策略的节材效能。“Reuse”即再利用,旨在提升材料利用率、减少新材料的投入和降低污染。结合废木料的再利用原则和特点,提出相应的建筑设计策略——新旧材料的对比与协调、历史场所的还原等;和建造策略——旧材的获取与修复、确定建造流程等,并提出直接利用废旧木材的建筑设计模拟案例,以验证文中策略的节材效能。“Recycle”再循环,即废旧建筑木材的高效回收,主要围绕建筑拆解展开研究。首先提出为拆解而设计的策略,其次提出建筑拆解实施方法——建筑的可拆解性评估、确定拆除流程和技术等,以达到将建筑中不同类型的木构件系统化,层次化地拆除,并逐一分离回收的目的。最后提出可拆装木屋的模拟案例,以验证文中策略的节材效能。本文的主要创新成果在于将循环经济学中的“3R”理念与建筑节材相结合,针对木建筑生命周期的关键过程提出相应的节材策略,以减少木建筑设计、建造及拆解环节的木材投入量,将废弃建筑木材高效回收和重复利用,以实现低消耗、低污染、低排放的闭路循环,呼应了我国未来可持续发展的时代主题,在环境、社会、经济方面都有着一定意义。
[Abstract]:Wooden buildings, with their superior environmental performance, natural-friendly personality and attractive aesthetic orientation, have set off a worldwide construction boom. However, China's forestry resources are very scarce, construction timber is heavily dependent on imports, and there are also a large number of waste timber can not be fully recycled, which greatly limits the problem. Therefore, under this background, this paper takes the "3R" concept of green building as a clue, uses the methods of centralized carding, comparative study and cross-disciplinary research to carry out the research on timber-saving optimization of wood building, in order to provide feasible strategies for timber-saving in the future timber building design and construction in China, so as to achieve protection. The concept of "3R" refers to the three levels of "Reduce", "Reuse" and "Recycle". This paper puts forward corresponding strategies for building design and building materials saving for each level, and makes analysis and verification with case simulation. In view of the input of building timber, this paper puts forward the corresponding architectural design strategies - increasing the rationality of the structure, improving the space efficiency and the lightening and simplification of components, choosing composite timber substituted for wood, etc. and the Construction Strategies - increasing the prefabricated proportion and innovative processing technology, and puts forward a simulation case of hollow shaft dry wooden house to verify the previous strategy section. "Reuse" means reuse, aiming at improving material utilization rate, reducing the investment of new materials and reducing pollution. Combining with the reuse principles and characteristics of waste wood, this paper puts forward corresponding architectural design strategies, such as the comparison and coordination of new and old materials, the restoration of historical sites, and construction strategies, such as the acquisition and restoration of used materials, to determine the construction. Recycle recycling, i.e. efficient recycling of waste building timber, mainly focuses on building dismantlement. First, the strategy of design for dismantlement is put forward, and then the implementation method of building dismantlement, i.e. building feasibility, is put forward. Demolition assessment, demolition process and technology are determined to systematize, hierarchically demolish and recycle different types of wood components in the building. Finally, a simulation case of demolition and assembly of wooden houses is presented to verify the effectiveness of the strategy in this paper. Combining the concept with building material saving, this paper puts forward corresponding material saving strategies for the key process of wood building life cycle, in order to reduce the timber input in wood building design, construction and disassembly, recycle and reuse the waste building timber efficiently, so as to realize the closed-circuit cycle of low consumption, low pollution and low emission, which echoes the sustainable development of our country in the future. The theme of development is of certain significance in terms of environment, society and economy.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU209

【参考文献】