中庭式图书馆火灾烟气控制措施的研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 19:09

【摘要】：中庭式建筑以其明亮的视觉空间、自然宜人的环境、结构功能多样化等特点已经成为了当下城市化进程发展必然选择;现在国民精神和素质提高的同时,人民对于图书馆的要求也越来越高。然而中庭式建筑具有纵向贯通多层、内部结构复杂等特点;图书馆具有可燃物较多、人员密度大等特点,所以图书馆中庭式建筑一旦发生火灾,火势蔓延将极其迅速,对人员生命和财产安全造成严重威胁。因此,本文着重研究这两种功能性和结构性的建筑相结合的火灾烟气蔓延特点和火灾防控的措施。本文采用火灾动力学软件FDS建立了中庭式图书馆建筑火灾模型,对中庭邻室区发生火灾进行数值模拟,研究采用不同的中庭及回廊区排烟方式对中庭火灾烟气的控制作用效果;分析中庭邻室区发生火灾时,不同挡烟垂壁高度对进入中庭火灾的控制作用;在中庭回廊区加装细水雾雾幕和机械排烟共同作用下,分析不同细水雾雾幕安装间距、流量、喷射角度条件下的挡烟效果,以寻求对图书馆中庭式建筑火灾烟气控制的最佳方式。首先,本文第四章采取了两种排烟模式,四种不同工况对图书馆中庭邻室区发生火灾时排烟效果进行对比。通过对比分析中庭及回廊各处能见度、一氧化碳浓度、温度等特性参数的变化趋势,确立了最优的排烟方式。四种工况下均在防烟楼梯间各层设置正压送风,当采取的中庭机械排烟量为108000m3/h,回廊区排烟量按照回廊面积每平方米60m3/h时,排烟效果最佳,为人员的逃生提供一个良好的保障。其次,本文研究了不同高度下的挡烟垂壁对中庭式图书馆建筑烟气蔓延的限制作用。笔者建立了无挡烟垂壁和挡烟垂壁高度分别为0.5m、1.0m、1.5m四种工况的火灾模型,通过对模拟结果的对比分析,发现当挡烟垂壁高度从0.5m增加到1.0m时,图书馆中庭及图书馆其余各层能见度有明显提升,但挡烟垂壁的高度继续增加至1.5m时,对图书馆的烟气的控制并无明显改善,但1.5m高度的挡烟垂壁会对起火层回廊区能见度造成较大影响,由此得出结论:该回廊式中庭图书馆挡烟垂壁的合理高度应为1.0m。最后,本文分析了在机械排烟和正压送风开启时间一定的情况下,在图书馆中庭邻室区着火房间外增设细水雾雾幕,探求了在中庭回廊区采用细水雾雾幕的可行性,并改变不同的细水雾喷头流量。通过对比发现细水雾雾幕的安装会使中庭建筑内的烟气得到了优化,但单纯的增加细水雾喷头流量,烟气的控制效果不会提升,针对此图书馆中庭建筑建议采用的喷头流量为5L/min,能够达到较好的烟气优化效果。
[Abstract]:With its bright visual space, natural and pleasant environment, diversified structure and function, atrium architecture has become the inevitable choice for the development of the current urbanization process, and now the national spirit and quality are improved at the same time, The people's demand for libraries is also getting higher and higher. However, the atrium building has the characteristics of vertical multi-storey and complex internal structure, and the library has the characteristics of more combustible materials and high staff density, so once the fire occurs in the library atrium building, the fire will spread very quickly. It poses a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, this paper focuses on the characteristics of fire smoke spread and fire prevention and control measures combined with these two kinds of functional and structural buildings. In this paper, the fire model of the atrium library building is established by using the fire dynamics software FDS, and the numerical simulation of the fire happening in the atrium adjacent room is carried out, and the effect of smoke emission from different atrium and corridor area on the smoke control of the atrium fire is studied. This paper analyzes the control effect of different smoke blocking vertical wall height on the fire in atrium adjacent to the atrium, and analyzes the installation spacing and flow rate of different water mist curtain installation under the combined action of adding water mist curtain and mechanical smoke exhaust in the atrium corridor area. In order to find the best way to control the fire smoke in library atrium building, the smoke control effect under the condition of spray angle. First of all, the fourth chapter of this paper adopts two smoke exhaust modes, four different working conditions to the library in the atrium adjacent to the area of fire smoke exhaust effect is compared. By comparing and analyzing the variation trend of visibility, carbon monoxide concentration and temperature in atrium and corridor, the optimal smoke exhaust method was established. Under the four working conditions, positive pressure air was set up in every floor of the smoke prevention stairwell. When the smoke output of the atrium was 108,000 m3 / h, and the volume of smoke in the corridor area was per square meter 60m3/h, the smoke exhaust effect was the best, which provided a good guarantee for the personnel to escape. Secondly, this paper studies the effect of smoke blocking vertical wall on smoke spread in atrium library. The fire models with the vertical wall height of 0.5 m and the vertical wall height of 0.5 m ~ 1.0 m ~ (-1) m were established by the author. Through the comparison and analysis of the simulation results, it was found that when the vertical wall height was increased from 0.5 m to 1.0 m, The visibility of the atrium and the rest of the library has been significantly improved, but when the height of the vertical wall of the library continues to increase to 1.5 m, there is no significant improvement in the control of the smoke in the library. However, 1.5 m height smoke retaining vertical wall will have a great impact on visibility in the fire gallery area. It is concluded that the reasonable height of smoke retaining vertical wall of the gallery library should be 1.0 m. Finally, this paper analyzes the possibility of using water mist curtain outside the fire room in the adjacent room of the atrium in the library, and explores the feasibility of using the water mist curtain in the atrium corridor area under the condition that the mechanical smoke exhaust and the positive pressure air opening time are fixed. And change the flow of different water mist nozzle. It is found by comparison that the installation of water mist curtain will optimize the smoke in the atrium, but simply increase the flow of water mist nozzle, the control effect of smoke will not be improved. The nozzle flow rate of 5 L / min is suggested for the atrium building in this library, which can achieve a better effect of flue gas optimization.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU998.1

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