严寒地区外墙外保温防火构造技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 08:40

【摘要】：外墙外保温系统因具有保温节能效果好、能有效避免热桥等优势,在我国严寒地区建筑保温隔热中得到了广泛的应用。因地区气候特点及节能要求使得保温材料几乎占据了墙体的三分之一,然而大量可燃、易燃的保温材料置于墙体外侧,再加上没做有效的防火构造从而导致其防火性能较差,存在一定的火灾隐患。虽然从国家到地方先后颁布了外墙外保温系统的相关防火文件及规范,但没有具体的防火构造做法,在应用上存在不足。本文首先,在国内外外墙外保温系统防火研究现状的基础上,结合由外保温引发的火灾典型案例分析发现,薄抹灰系统和空腔构造以及大量可燃、易燃的有机外保温材料是火灾发生的直接因素,而没有防火构造措施才是导致火灾蔓延及失控的主要原因。其次,通过对严寒地区外保温系统及材料的应用现状进行调研,分析了外保温火灾发生的三种原因、火灾的危害性因素并提出了目前外保温防火在材料选择、构造方式以及施工管理三个方面存在问题,并针对这三个方面提出了与之应对的措施,同时强调了系统整体的防火性能,才是解决该问题的关键。本文第4章以相关外保温防火文件及规范作为理论基础,目前工程中常用的外保温系统作为设计参考,总结了“防火保护层、防火隔离带、无空腔构造、防火分仓”四种构造措施,并根据不同的保温材料类型,设计和探讨了相应的构造大样。最后结合一个实际的外墙外保温案例,从构造设计、材料选择、施工工艺、工程质量验收过程以及样板防火模拟试验来说明和验证防火保护层与隔离带相结合的构造方式,为在建工程及节能改造工程实践的设计、施工提供参考。
[Abstract]:The exterior wall insulation system has been widely used in building insulation and thermal insulation in severe cold areas in China because of its advantages of good heat preservation and energy saving and can effectively avoid heat bridges. Because of the regional climate characteristics and energy saving requirements, the insulation material accounts for almost 1/3 of the wall. However, a large number of flammable and flammable insulation materials are placed outside the wall, plus the lack of effective fire prevention structure results in poor fire resistance. There are certain fire hazards. Although the relevant fire protection documents and specifications have been promulgated successively from the state to the local level, there is no concrete fire prevention construction method, and there are some shortcomings in the application. First of all, on the basis of the current situation of fire prevention of exterior wall thermal insulation system at home and abroad, combined with the analysis of typical fire cases caused by external thermal insulation, it is found that the thin plastering system and cavity construction and a large number of combustible, Flammable organic thermal insulation material is the direct factor of fire, and the main cause of fire spread and runaway is the absence of fire prevention measures. Secondly, through the investigation of the current situation of the application of external thermal insulation system and materials in severe cold areas, the paper analyzes the three causes of external thermal insulation fire, the harmful factors of fire, and puts forward the selection of materials for fire prevention and control of external heat preservation at present. There are three problems in construction mode and construction management, and the corresponding measures are put forward in the light of these three aspects. The key to solve this problem is to emphasize the overall anti-fire performance of the system. The fourth chapter of this paper is based on the relevant external thermal insulation and fire protection documents and codes. At present, the external thermal insulation system commonly used in engineering is used as the design reference, and summarizes the "fire protection layer, fire isolation zone, no cavity construction," According to the different types of thermal insulation materials, the corresponding structural samples are designed and discussed. Finally, combined with an actual case of external thermal insulation of external wall, from structural design, material selection, construction process, engineering quality acceptance process and fire proof simulation test to explain and verify the construction method of fire protection layer combined with isolation zone. It provides a reference for the design and construction of the construction and energy saving reconstruction engineering.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU761.12

【参考文献】