严寒地区村镇绿化对冬季风环境的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 17:50

【摘要】：长期以来,严寒地区村镇的风环境一直是影响着村民冬季室外舒适度的重要因素。随着城镇化的发展和科技的进步,人们对舒适度的关注逐渐由室内转向室外,绿化作为改善室外风环境的有效手段,越来越受到人们的重视。然而,目前对于绿化的防风效果的研究,无论从评价指标、规划意识还是预测工具等层面都缺乏较为科学、系统的研究;此外,针对特定地域、气候及季节特征的相关研究也很匮乏。针对上述不足,本文展开了以下研究。首先,本文针对严寒地区村镇的风环境和绿化现状进行了一系列基础研究,包括问卷调查、现场实测和文献查阅;并在此基础上,明确了绿化对风环境的影响机理及评价标准,为论文的进一步展开奠定基础。其次,借助ENVI-met软件,模拟并分析了四种常见的村镇绿化形式(防风林、行道树、广场绿化以及院落绿化)在不同参数设置条件下(孔隙率、三围尺寸、组合形式、间距、风向角等)的防风效果,为防风绿化在工程实践中的应用提供设计依据。最后,论文结合村镇居住组团的基本布局形式(行列式、围合式、散点式),模拟并总结出基于不同布局形式的防风设计方法;并在此基础上,进一步将设计方法扩展应用到村镇实例,通过对村镇进行绿化防风的优化设计和模拟验证,最终提出严寒地区村镇特有的冬季绿化防风设计策略,为适应于特定季节和地域的村镇绿化防风设计提供借鉴。研究发现,当防风林的林带长度在100m-180m范围内变化,宽度大于等于14m,高度为10m时,防风效果较为理想;且在一定范围内,适当增加林带长度和宽度,以及沿风向增大林带高度,均有助于增强防风效果。适当增大乔木枝干的疏密度,可以改善行道树的防风效果,且株距为6m左右较合适,此外,在乔木间隙栽植灌木,有助于增大防风效果。在广场的四角设置绿化开口可以取得较好的风环境,且当冬季主导风向垂直于广场长边时这一优势更加明显。庭院绿化主要为落叶灌木,其防风效果和建筑相比较弱,且后院绿化的防风效果最好。论文综合运用了模拟、分析、对比的方法,为预测和评价严寒地区村镇冬季绿化防风效果奠定了基础,验证了模拟指导设计的理念在绿化规划领域的可行性。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the windy environment of villages and towns in cold areas has been an important factor affecting outdoor comfort in winter. With the development of urbanization and the progress of science and technology, people's concern for comfort has gradually shifted from indoor to outdoor. As an effective means to improve outdoor wind environment, greening has been paid more and more attention by people. However, there is a lack of scientific and systematic research on the wind-proof effects of greening in terms of evaluation indicators, planning awareness and forecasting tools. Studies on climate and seasonal characteristics are also scarce. In view of the above deficiencies, this paper carried out the following research. First of all, this paper has carried on a series of basic research to the windy environment and the greening present situation of the villages and towns in the cold area, including the questionnaire survey, the on-the-spot measurement and the literature reference, and on this basis, has made clear the influence mechanism and the appraisal standard of the greening to the windy environment. It lays the foundation for the further development of the thesis. Secondly, with the help of ENVI-met software, the paper simulates and analyzes four common forms of village and town greening (windbreak forest, road tree, square greening and yard greening) under different parameter setting conditions (porosity, BWH size, combination form, spacing). The wind-proof effect provides the design basis for the application of wind-proof greening in engineering practice. Finally, the paper simulates and summarizes the wind-proof design method based on different layout forms, combining with the basic layout forms (determinant, enclosure, scattered point) of the village and town residential group, and on this basis, Furthermore, the design method is extended to the example of villages and towns. Through the optimization design and simulation of the wind-proof design of the towns and villages, the wind-proof design strategy of winter greening in the cold areas is put forward. It can be used for reference for the wind-proof design of village and town greening suitable for special season and region. It is found that the wind-proof effect is better when the length of windbreak forest is in the range of 100m-180m, the width is more than 14m and the height is 10m, and in a certain range, the length and width of the forest belt should be increased appropriately, and the height of the forest belt will be increased along the wind direction. Are helpful to enhance the wind-proof effect. Increasing the density of tree branches properly can improve the wind-proof effect of the street trees, and the tree spacing is about 6 m. In addition, planting shrubs between trees is helpful to increase the wind-proof effect. Setting greening openings in the four corners of the square can obtain a better wind environment, and this advantage is more obvious when the dominant wind direction is perpendicular to the long side of the square in winter. The main greening of the courtyard is deciduous shrub, and its wind-proof effect is weaker than that of the building, and the windproof effect of the backyard greening is the best. The method of simulation, analysis and contrast is used comprehensively in this paper, which lays a foundation for forecasting and evaluating wind-proof effect of winter greening in villages and towns in severe cold areas, and verifies the feasibility of the idea of simulation guiding design in the field of greening planning.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU119;TU985.12

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