绿色建筑太阳能热利用综合效益评价研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 14:20

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,随着我国城镇化的推进和居民消费水平的提高,能源缺口问题与日俱增,其中建筑能耗在我国能源消耗结构所占比例接近三成且逐年攀升,因此,进一步加快房屋建造过程中的可再生能源利用率,发展高效节能的绿色建筑是解决当前能源缺口问题的有效手段之一。由于不同种类的新型能源在替代常规能源方面的能力有所差异,而太阳能作为应用相对简单且广泛存在的一种新型能源,开始在建筑领域逐步得到应用,并为绿色建筑的星级达标起到了举足轻重的作用。如何认识太阳能利用带来效益,找到评价绿色建筑中太阳能利用状况匹配的方法,是绿色建筑可再生能源利用评价工作合理有效的必由之路。本文在文献搜集和前人研究的基础上,从建筑的全寿命期角度出发,在研究的过程中明确综合效益范畴,通过市场调查、数理统计、数学建模等手段从经济、社会、环境三方面建立绿色建筑太阳能热利用系统综合效益评价模型,方便决策人做出正确的决策。其主要研究内容如下:(1)从我国的能源形势背景入手,梳理太阳能利用的条件和太阳能热利用系统的技术体系,并从相关利益主体效益和影响范围效益两个维度分析绿色建筑太阳能热利用系统的带来的效益,最终确定以影响范围效益作为综合效益研究的出发点,为下文构建绿色建筑太阳能热利用的综合效益评价指标体系和量化各级指标提供了依据。(2)基于建筑的全寿命周期,综合考虑集热设备效率、能源价格上涨、设备投资与期末残值等因素,尤其考虑到了不同季节太阳能辐射量差异对系统有效利用热量的影响,对比分析太阳能热水系统相较于非可再生能源热水系统的节能经济效益,选取净现值和投资回收期指标,并进行敏感性因素分析,全面深化太阳能热利用经济效益模型。(3)通过对比研究和定量定性结合的方法,分析太阳能热水系统与电能或天热气热水系统运行过程中对自然环境、居民生活产生的影响,建立太阳能热利用的环境效益模型和社会效益模型,并运用上述模型进行具体区域的实证研究,定量研究建筑生命期内该方案的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。(4)在总结现有评价方法特点和明确其使用方法的基础上,综合各法的优势,采用层次分析法与熵权法结合的AHP-熵权法给各级指标分配权重并进行修正,建立经济、环境、社会三维的绿色建筑太阳能热利用综合效益评价模型,合理运用定性与定量分析工具实现评价结果更加符合客观事实。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the development of urbanization and the improvement of the consumption level of residents, the problem of energy gap is increasing day by day, among which the proportion of building energy consumption in the energy consumption structure of our country is close to 30% and increasing year by year. One of the effective ways to solve the problem of energy shortage is to speed up the utilization of renewable energy in the process of building houses and to develop green buildings with high efficiency and energy saving. Because of the difference in the ability of different kinds of new energy to replace conventional energy, solar energy, as a relatively simple and widespread new energy source, has been gradually applied in the field of construction. And for the green building star-level standard has played a pivotal role. How to understand the benefits of solar energy utilization and find the method to evaluate the matching of solar energy utilization in green buildings is the only way to evaluate the renewable energy utilization of green buildings reasonably and effectively. On the basis of literature collection and previous studies, from the point of view of the life span of architecture, this paper defines the comprehensive benefit category in the course of the research, through the means of market investigation, mathematical statistics, mathematical modeling and so on, from the economic, social, and so on. The comprehensive benefit evaluation model of green building solar energy thermal utilization system is established in three aspects of environment, which is convenient for decision makers to make correct decision. The main research contents are as follows: (1) from the background of our country's energy situation, combing the conditions of solar energy utilization and the technical system of solar thermal utilization system, The benefit of the solar thermal utilization system of green building is analyzed from the two aspects of the benefit of the main body of interest and the benefit of the scope of influence, and the benefit of the scope of influence is finally determined as the starting point of the comprehensive benefit research. It provides the basis for the following construction green building solar energy thermal utilization comprehensive benefit appraisal index system and the quantification each level index. (2) based on the building life cycle, synthetically considers the collection equipment efficiency, the energy price rises, The equipment investment and the final residual value, especially considering the influence of the solar radiation quantity difference in different seasons on the effective heat utilization of the system, is compared with the energy saving and economic benefits of the solar water heating system compared with the non-renewable energy hot water system. The index of net present value and investment payback period is selected, and sensitivity factor analysis is carried out to comprehensively deepen the economic benefit model of solar thermal utilization. (3) through comparative study and quantitative and qualitative analysis, This paper analyzes the influence of solar hot water system, electric energy or hot gas hot water system on natural environment and residents' daily life, and establishes the environmental benefit model and social benefit model of solar energy thermal utilization. The above models are used to carry out empirical research in specific regions to quantitatively study the economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of the project in the life cycle of buildings. (4) on the basis of summarizing the characteristics of existing evaluation methods and clarifying their use methods, Based on the advantages of each method, the AHP- entropy method combined with AHP and entropy weight method is used to assign weight and revise the indexes at all levels, and to establish a comprehensive benefit evaluation model of green building solar energy utilization in three dimensions: economy, environment and society. Reasonable use of qualitative and quantitative analysis tools to achieve evaluation results more in line with the objective facts.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU18

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