面向区域规划的热环境参数快速求解研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 19:47
【摘要】：2007年至2050年期间,发展中国家城市人口比例预计将从44%增至67%,而发达国家将可能从74%增至86%。传统规划理论与实践活动多以规划人员的主观意识为导向,较少考虑规划方案与环境和气候的内在联系,城市发展往往伴随诸多热环境问题。为营造良好的区域热环境,需要在规划阶段开展规划方案的预测及优化工作。为此,本论文以区域热环境为研究对象,对热环境参数进行了实测和模拟研究,以实现区域热环境参数快速求解的目的。首先,在重庆大学虎溪校区布置下垫面反射率测点、空气温湿度测点、风速风向测点、建筑表面温度测点和背景气象参数测点,通过自动记录和流动观测相结合的方式对各测点参数进行了夏季实测。结果表明:不同类型下垫面的反射率相近,平均反射率约为13.2%~27.3%;校区内1.5m高度处空气温湿度显著性相关(相关系数|r|0.95);校区夏季主要风通道处常见风速范围约为0.4~1.2m/s,风向无明显规律,主要受风向测点周边障碍物影响;晴朗天气时,典型建筑昼间各立面表面温度受植物遮挡影响,峰值差距约为2~7℃;夜间各立面表面温度基本一致。阴雨天气下,各立面全天表面温度基本相近;草坪和灌木丛上方不同高度处空气干球温度和相对湿度变化趋势与草坪温度变化趋势一致,但不同高度处空气的相对湿度变化无明显规律性可循。实测数据可提供后续数值模拟的初始条件,也可用于模拟结果的验证。其次,从建模的便捷性和时效性出发,提出单幅图像建模法,结合太阳辐射简化求解模型,建立建筑群热平衡模型,用于预测下垫面和建筑表面温度分布。同时,立足区域模型思想,简化水平边界和垂直边界的热量和质量交换量求解方程,迭代求解空气流动区域热环境参数。为加快计算速度,降低程序对硬件要求,模拟过程先计算下垫面和建筑表面温度分布,然后基于相关温度信息求解流动区域空气干球温度和风速等参数。最后,对重庆大学虎溪校区东侧区域进行模拟分析。以背景气象参数、建筑材料热物理性能参数等作为模拟的初始条件。将模拟结果与实测数据进行对比分析,结果表明,模拟结果与实测数据变化趋势一致,误差在容许范围内,证明热环境参数快速求解模型较为合理。本研究为区域规划的热环境参数快速量化求解奠定了理论和应用基础,可为区域规划阶段开展热环境质量的预测及优化工作提供有力支撑。
[Abstract]:Between 2007 and 2050, the proportion of the urban population in developing countries is expected to increase from 44 percent to 67 percent, while in developed countries it is likely to increase from 74 percent to 86 percent. The traditional planning theory and practice are mostly guided by the subjective consciousness of the planners and less consider the inherent relationship between the planning scheme and the environment and climate. The urban development is often accompanied by a lot of thermal environmental problems. In order to create a good regional thermal environment, it is necessary to carry out the planning program prediction and optimization in the planning stage. Therefore, this paper takes the regional thermal environment as the research object, carries on the actual measurement and the simulation research to the thermal environment parameter, in order to realize the regional thermal environment parameter quick solution goal. First of all, at the campus of Huxi University of Chongqing University, the sites for measuring the reflectivity of the underlying surface, the air temperature and humidity, the wind speed and direction, the building surface temperature and the background meteorological parameters are arranged. The parameters of each measuring point were measured in summer by the combination of automatic recording and flow observation. The results show that the reflectivity of different types of underlying surfaces is similar, the average reflectivity is about 13.20.3.There is a significant correlation between air temperature and humidity at a height of 1.5m (r = 0.95). The common wind speed range at the main wind passage in summer is about 0.4 ~ 1.2 m / s, and the wind direction has no obvious regularity and is mainly affected by the obstacles around the wind direction measuring point. In sunny weather, the surface temperature of each facade of typical buildings is affected by plant occlusion in the daytime, and the peak value difference is about 2 ~ 7 鈩，
本文编号：2313194
[Abstract]:Between 2007 and 2050, the proportion of the urban population in developing countries is expected to increase from 44 percent to 67 percent, while in developed countries it is likely to increase from 74 percent to 86 percent. The traditional planning theory and practice are mostly guided by the subjective consciousness of the planners and less consider the inherent relationship between the planning scheme and the environment and climate. The urban development is often accompanied by a lot of thermal environmental problems. In order to create a good regional thermal environment, it is necessary to carry out the planning program prediction and optimization in the planning stage. Therefore, this paper takes the regional thermal environment as the research object, carries on the actual measurement and the simulation research to the thermal environment parameter, in order to realize the regional thermal environment parameter quick solution goal. First of all, at the campus of Huxi University of Chongqing University, the sites for measuring the reflectivity of the underlying surface, the air temperature and humidity, the wind speed and direction, the building surface temperature and the background meteorological parameters are arranged. The parameters of each measuring point were measured in summer by the combination of automatic recording and flow observation. The results show that the reflectivity of different types of underlying surfaces is similar, the average reflectivity is about 13.20.3.There is a significant correlation between air temperature and humidity at a height of 1.5m (r = 0.95). The common wind speed range at the main wind passage in summer is about 0.4 ~ 1.2 m / s, and the wind direction has no obvious regularity and is mainly affected by the obstacles around the wind direction measuring point. In sunny weather, the surface temperature of each facade of typical buildings is affected by plant occlusion in the daytime, and the peak value difference is about 2 ~ 7 鈩，
本文编号：2313194
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