高层建筑与大型构筑物抗风研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:14

【摘要】：随着社会的不断发展,城市的高层建筑和大型构筑物越来越多。由于高层建筑和大型构筑物结构具有高度高、阻尼小、柔度大,且质量较轻等特点,使得其自振频率与风的卓越频率十分接近,因此对风荷载的敏感性就会比较大,从而使得风荷载成为高层建筑和大型构筑物在进行设计时的主要控制荷载之一。由于高层建筑发展迅速、造型日趋复杂,风致灾害也常年发生,因此对于高层建筑风效应的研究已经成为备受学者们青睐的研究内容之一。故本文中以高层建筑物为工程背景进行风洞试验,并根据试验数据对高层建筑的风效应进行了计算与分析:首先,由于高层建筑日趋多样性,有许多高层建筑在平面上是非对称的,其振型也是非正交的,其高阶振型对于风致响应的影响比较大,在计算分析中应该予以考虑。因此本文中以某高层建筑为工程背景,并结合风洞试验所测得的建筑表面各测点处的风压时程数据,进行了结构风致响应的分析,重点研究了非正交振型的影响。研究结果表明:对于体型非对称、振型非正交的高层建筑物,只考虑第1阶振型计算风致响应时可能会产生比较大的误差,其前几阶振型对于结构风致响应均有比较大的影响。其次,风致内压在建筑结构及围护结构的抗风设计中占有较大的比重,内压与外压的共同作用将导致显著的峰值风荷载,进而造成低矮房屋、大跨结构屋盖和围护结构的破坏。为此,本文以温州某高层建筑为原型,开展了建筑某中间楼层风致内压的风洞试验。试验过程中保留了模型内楼板及楼板上隔墙设置,通过立面开孔和内部隔墙的门洞,保证空气的流动,分析了开孔面积大小和来流风向角对立面内外压及楼板内压的影响。对高层建筑风致内压特性的研究,能够为高层建筑表面风荷载的确定及其抗风设计提供参考。本文还对大型构筑物煤气柜的风效应进行了相关研究。煤气柜是一种重要的工业构筑物,可以存储几十万立方的煤气,在工业领域应用较为广泛,其抗风性能直接关系到企业的正常生产和城市居民的正常生活,甚至是社会的安定与安全。因此,开展煤气柜抗风问题的研究有重要的工程意义。本文基于台风“丹娜丝”影响我国期间对于某地的一座30万m3煤气柜进行风致响应的现场实测研究,基于此次现场实测获得的风场及结构响应的实测数据,分析煤气柜各个主要部位的加速度响应,获得了煤气柜加速度响应沿柜体分布情况。通过对实测数据进行分析得到的实测结果能够为相同类型的建筑结构的抗风设计及相关研究提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, there are more and more tall buildings and large structures in cities. Since tall buildings and large structures have the characteristics of high height, small damping, large flexibility and light mass, the natural vibration frequency is very close to the excellent frequency of wind, so the sensitivity to wind load will be greater. Therefore, wind load becomes one of the main control loads in the design of tall buildings and large structures. Due to the rapid development of high-rise buildings, increasingly complex modeling, wind-induced disasters also occur all the year round, so the study of high-rise building wind effect has become one of the most popular research contents. Therefore, the wind tunnel test is carried out on the engineering background of high-rise buildings in this paper, and the wind effects of high-rise buildings are calculated and analyzed according to the test data. Firstly, due to the increasing diversity of high-rise buildings, There are many tall buildings which are asymmetrical in plane and their modes are non-orthogonal. The influence of higher order modes on wind-induced response should be considered in calculation and analysis. Therefore, taking a high-rise building as the engineering background and combining the wind pressure time history data of the measured points on the surface of the building measured by wind tunnel test, the wind-induced response of the structure is analyzed, and the influence of non-orthogonal modes is emphatically studied. The results show that for tall buildings with asymmetric shapes and non-orthogonal vibration modes, only the first order modes may produce relatively large errors in the calculation of wind-induced responses, and the first few modes have a great influence on the wind-induced responses of structures. Secondly, wind-induced internal pressure occupies a large proportion in the wind-resistant design of building structures and enclosure structures. The combined action of internal pressure and external pressure will lead to significant peak wind loads, which will lead to the destruction of low-rise buildings, long-span roof and enclosure structures. In this paper, the wind tunnel test of wind-induced internal pressure of a middle floor is carried out based on a tall building in Wenzhou. In the course of the test, the layout of the floor slab and the partition wall on the floor slab in the model is retained. The air flow is ensured through the opening of the facade and the door hole of the internal partition wall. The influence of the size of the hole area and the wind angle of the orifice on the internal and external pressure of the elevation and the internal pressure of the floor slab are analyzed. The study on the characteristics of wind induced internal pressure of high-rise buildings can provide a reference for the determination of wind load on the surface of tall buildings and the design of wind resistance. The wind effect of large-scale structure gas tank is also studied in this paper. Gas tank is an important industrial structure that can store hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of gas. It is widely used in industrial field. Its wind resistance is directly related to the normal production of enterprises and the normal life of urban residents. Even social stability and security. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the wind resistance of gas tank. This paper is based on the field measurement of the wind-induced response of a 300000 m3 gas tank in a certain place during the influence of Typhoon "Dannas", and based on the measured data of the wind field and the structural response obtained from the field measurement. The acceleration response of the main parts of the gas tank is analyzed and the distribution of the acceleration response along the tank body is obtained. The results obtained from the analysis of the measured data can provide a reference for the wind-resistant design and related research of the same type of building structures.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU973.213

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