家庭常用设备对水中卤代乙酸的去除研究
发布时间：2018-12-18 12:06
【摘要】：卤代乙酸(HAAs)是饮用水中含量仅次于卤代甲烷的第二大类DBPs,具有较高致癌风险并且很难降解、挥发,增加了饮用水的水质不安全因素。目前,控制HAAs产生的多数方式主要是去除其前体物及改变消毒剂种类,而对已形成的HAAs的去除方式较少,尤其是家用方式对HAAs的去除效果研究更少,不能促进水质的进一步改善。因此,在水源控制和水厂控制之余同时研究家用方式对HAAs的去除效果很有必要。本课题主要研究的常见家用方式包括:煮沸效应、微波效应、反渗透(RO)膜过滤效应以及紫外降解效应等对七种HAAs的去除效果,同时考察了不同环境和操作因素对HAAs去除效果的影响,并对其中去除HAAs的有效方式进行了一定降解机理的探索。通过RO净水器的实验发现,预处理吸附滤芯可对HAAs实现16%~44%的去除。在理想的低流速或超纯水配水环境中,预处理柱对HAAs的去除效果更好。RO膜对对七种HAAs均可实现80%以上的去除,同时在低压力自来水配水中,RO膜对HAAs的去除效果更好。通过紫外降解反应的实验发现,在实验指定的光解范围时间内去除率均达到了80%。HAAs的卤代程度越高,卤代元素的分子量越大,则降解速度越快。水中其它离子如氯离子、硝酸根及碘离子对HAAs的光解作用影响较小,加入有机物腐殖酸和提高p H的情况下,则会明显抑制HAAs的光解作用,而余氯会促进HAAs的光解作用。一、二卤代乙酸的光解过程主要是脱卤,而三卤代乙酸光解过程主要是脱卤和脱羧。通过煮沸实验发现,煮沸只对三氯乙酸有微弱的去除效果(㩳20%),在自然冷却更长的反应时间条件下,三氯乙酸的去除效果可提高至40%,而初始浓度和水中其它物质(包括离子和有机物等)不会影响煮沸对HAAs的去除(差别小于5%)。类似情况也被微波加热实验结果所证明,即水溶液的加热甚至煮沸均不能有效去除HAAs这类污染物。综上,本课题尝试了多种去除HAAs的家庭式方法,发现了反渗透及紫外降解效应对HAAs的去除较好;而预处理吸附柱对HAAs的去除效果一般(㩳50%);而微波和煮沸等加热过程对HAAs的去除效果很差。
[Abstract]:(HAAs) is the second largest type of DBPs, in drinking water after halogenated methane, which has high carcinogenic risk and is difficult to degrade and volatilize, which increases the unsafe factors of drinking water quality. At present, most of the ways to control the production of HAAs are mainly to remove its precursors and change the type of disinfectants, but there are fewer ways to remove the formed HAAs, especially the research on the removal effect of HAAs in the domestic way. It cannot promote further improvement of water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the removal effect of HAAs in household mode besides water source control and water plant control. The main household methods studied in this paper include boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect on the removal of seven kinds of HAAs, such as: boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect. At the same time, the effects of different environment and operation factors on the removal efficiency of HAAs were investigated, and the mechanism of HAAs removal was explored. Through the experiment of RO water purifier, it is found that the pretreated adsorption filter can remove 16% of HAAs. In the ideal environment of low flow rate or ultra-pure water distribution, the pretreatment column can remove HAAs better. RO membrane can remove more than 80% of seven kinds of HAAs, while in low-pressure tap water, RO membrane has better effect on HAAs removal. It was found that the higher the degree of halogenation of 80%.HAAs was, the higher the molecular weight of halogenated elements was and the faster the degradation rate was. Other ions in water, such as chloride, nitrate and iodine ions, have little effect on the photolysis of HAAs. Adding organic humic acid and increasing pH can obviously inhibit the photolysis of HAAs, while residual chlorine can promote the photolysis of HAAs. First, the photolysis process of dihaloacetic acid is mainly dehalogenation, while the photolysis process of trihaloacetic acid is mainly decarbonization and decarboxylation. Through boiling experiment, it was found that the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid was only 20%, and the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid could be increased to 40% under the condition of longer reaction time of natural cooling. However, the initial concentration and other substances in water (including ions and organic matter) will not affect the removal of HAAs by boiling (the difference is less than 5%). Similarly, the experimental results of microwave heating show that even boiling of aqueous solution can not effectively remove pollutants such as HAAs. In summary, we try a variety of family methods to remove HAAs, and find that reverse osmosis and UV degradation have better removal effect on HAAs, while pretreatment adsorption column has average removal effect on HAAs (? 50%). However, the effect of microwave and boiling heating on HAAs removal is very poor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
本文编号：2385821
[Abstract]:(HAAs) is the second largest type of DBPs, in drinking water after halogenated methane, which has high carcinogenic risk and is difficult to degrade and volatilize, which increases the unsafe factors of drinking water quality. At present, most of the ways to control the production of HAAs are mainly to remove its precursors and change the type of disinfectants, but there are fewer ways to remove the formed HAAs, especially the research on the removal effect of HAAs in the domestic way. It cannot promote further improvement of water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the removal effect of HAAs in household mode besides water source control and water plant control. The main household methods studied in this paper include boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect on the removal of seven kinds of HAAs, such as: boiling effect, microwave effect, reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration effect and UV degradation effect. At the same time, the effects of different environment and operation factors on the removal efficiency of HAAs were investigated, and the mechanism of HAAs removal was explored. Through the experiment of RO water purifier, it is found that the pretreated adsorption filter can remove 16% of HAAs. In the ideal environment of low flow rate or ultra-pure water distribution, the pretreatment column can remove HAAs better. RO membrane can remove more than 80% of seven kinds of HAAs, while in low-pressure tap water, RO membrane has better effect on HAAs removal. It was found that the higher the degree of halogenation of 80%.HAAs was, the higher the molecular weight of halogenated elements was and the faster the degradation rate was. Other ions in water, such as chloride, nitrate and iodine ions, have little effect on the photolysis of HAAs. Adding organic humic acid and increasing pH can obviously inhibit the photolysis of HAAs, while residual chlorine can promote the photolysis of HAAs. First, the photolysis process of dihaloacetic acid is mainly dehalogenation, while the photolysis process of trihaloacetic acid is mainly decarbonization and decarboxylation. Through boiling experiment, it was found that the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid was only 20%, and the removal efficiency of trichloroacetic acid could be increased to 40% under the condition of longer reaction time of natural cooling. However, the initial concentration and other substances in water (including ions and organic matter) will not affect the removal of HAAs by boiling (the difference is less than 5%). Similarly, the experimental results of microwave heating show that even boiling of aqueous solution can not effectively remove pollutants such as HAAs. In summary, we try a variety of family methods to remove HAAs, and find that reverse osmosis and UV degradation have better removal effect on HAAs, while pretreatment adsorption column has average removal effect on HAAs (? 50%). However, the effect of microwave and boiling heating on HAAs removal is very poor.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
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