公共建筑中蓄冷空调系统能效经济性评价与保障体系研究

发布时间：2019-01-25 20:55

【摘要】：蓄冷空调系统作为电力调峰的重要手段之一,在全世界都有广泛的应用,但是对于其实际运行效果测试的研究却没有跟上。国内外众多蓄冷空调项目实际运行能耗、效率、经济性参差不齐,因此需要统一的评价体系来规范化蓄冷系统的设计、建设和运行。本文提出从能源效率、经济性两个维度的运行效果出发的蓄冷空调评价体系,其中能效评价主要用于对设备和系统节能诊断与改善,经济性评价用于蓄冷系统的设计决策和运行指导,并作为蓄冷系统综合评价的标准。(1)蓄冷系统能效评价指标体系包括总能耗及能效指标(EER)、耗能设备能效指标、能量交换设备能效指标,可以反映该项目的水平,用于设备和系统的节能诊断。将实际运行数据算出的能效指标与额定参数或设计指标相比较,即可查找系统中可能出现的问题。(2)经济性评价指标体系主要包括各项动态经济性指标,如系统全生命周期总费用(LCC)、单位冷量全生命周期费用指标(LCC/Q)、运行经济性指标(CPOC)、初投资经济性指标(ic/q)、维护费用经济性指标(mc/q),以及内部收益率(IRR)等。在蓄冷空调系统设计、施工验收、运行的每个阶段,都可以用上述指标检查和规范蓄冷系统的实际使用经济性。(3)新建项目在进行方案决策,即判断是否采用蓄冷系统、采用何种规模的蓄冷系统时,需要综合考虑全生命周期总费用(LCC)与内部收益率(IRR)两项指标:在所有IRR大于行业内部收益率的方案中,选择LCC最小的方案。(4)在对项目整体进行评价时,可以使用LCC/Q指标图、CPOC指标图进行简单快捷的评价。文中给出了北京、上海、深圳三座城市的指标图,其他城市的指标图可以按照文中提供的方法计算得出。除诊断和评价外,该评价体系也可以用于指导设计、施工验收和运行管理,通过把控各个环节的关键指标来保证质量。不论是对单体建筑业主还是对整体城市电网,蓄冷空调系统确实具有很好的经济效益和环境效益,节约运行、建设成本和降低尖峰负荷压力,但是蓄冷空调系统需要比常规系统更加精细的设计、建设和运行,必须把控好每一级能效、经济性指标,才能实现整体系统的高效运行,真正实现电网和用户的双赢局面。
[Abstract]:As one of the important means of power peak shaving, cold storage air conditioning system has been widely used all over the world, but the research on its actual operation effect testing has not kept pace with it. The actual energy consumption, efficiency and economy of many cold storage air conditioning projects at home and abroad are not uniform, so a unified evaluation system is needed to standardize the design, construction and operation of the storage system. In this paper, an evaluation system of energy efficiency and energy efficiency is put forward, in which energy efficiency evaluation is mainly used to diagnose and improve energy saving of equipment and system. The economic evaluation is used for the design decision and operation guidance of the storage system, and is used as the standard for the comprehensive evaluation of the storage system. (1) the energy efficiency evaluation index system of the storage system includes the total energy consumption and the energy efficiency index (EER), energy efficiency index. Energy efficiency indicators for energy exchange equipment can reflect the level of the project and are used for energy conservation diagnosis of equipment and systems. Comparing the energy efficiency index calculated from the actual operation data with the rated parameter or design index, we can find out the possible problems in the system. (2) the economic evaluation index system mainly includes various dynamic economic indexes. For example, the total life cycle cost of the system (LCC), per unit cooling capacity, the whole life cycle cost index (LCC/Q), the operating economy index (CPOC), the initial investment economy index (ic/q), the maintenance cost economy index (mc/q), And internal rate of return (IRR) and so on. In each stage of the design, construction acceptance and operation of the cold storage air conditioning system, the above indexes can be used to check and standardize the actual use economy of the storage system. (3) the new project is making a project decision, that is, judging whether or not to use the storage system, The size of a cold storage system requires a comprehensive consideration of two indicators, the total lifecycle cost (LCC) and the internal rate of return (IRR): in all scenarios where IRR is greater than the industry's internal rate of return, Select the smallest scheme of LCC. (4) when evaluating the whole project, we can use LCC/Q index chart and CPOC index chart to evaluate the project quickly and simply. The index maps of Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen are given in this paper. The index charts of other cities can be calculated according to the method provided in this paper. In addition to diagnosis and evaluation, the evaluation system can also be used to guide the design, construction acceptance and operation management, and ensure the quality by controlling the key indicators of each link. Whether for individual building owners or for the overall urban power grid, the air conditioning system for storage is indeed very good economic and environmental benefits, save operation, construction costs and reduce peak load pressure, But the cold storage air conditioning system needs more precise design, construction and operation than the conventional system. It is necessary to control every level of energy efficiency and economic index to realize the efficient operation of the whole system and realize the win-win situation between the power grid and the users.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU831

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