单面受火预制复合保温墙体抗火性能和设计方法研究

发布时间：2019-02-09 20:01

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,城市人口集中度越来越高,高层建筑越来越受到青睐。快速发展也带来诸多问题,建筑火灾的不断增多成为影响城市安全因素的一个重要问题；社会的发展,同样带来资源的消耗,减少建筑能耗,实现可持续发展成为当务之急。因此既要注重节能,又要抵抗人为的、自然的火灾的影响,研究既有保温隔热作用,又有防火墙作用的墙体成为行业发展趋势。本文对四榀预制复合保温墙体进行了保温性能分析和抗火分析。首先,研究了在夏热冬冷地区对节能保温墙体的保温性能的要求,验证了该墙体具有较好的保温性能；其次,通过火灾试验研究了预制复合保温墙体的抗火性能,以及火灾下墙体的温度场、变形；通过有限元分析讨论了保温材料种类、保温材料层厚度、是否具有轴压等条件对墙体抗火性能的影响。上述分析研究表明：本文所制作的四榀预制复合保温墙体可以达到夏热冬冷地区节能保温墙体保温性能要求；不同保温材料对墙体保温性能和抗火性能影响不同,EPS和XPS保温材料对墙体保温性能和抗火性能影响比较相近,岩棉保温材料对墙体抗火性能有较大提高；不同保温材料层厚度对墙体的保温性能和抗火性能影响较大,合适的保温材料层厚度对保温防火性能提高最好；轴压比对墙体挠度有一定影响,但是并非轴压比越小墙体平面外挠度越小,合适的轴压比反而可以降低火灾下墙体平面外的挠度。借助有限元软件对火灾下预制复合保温墙体的温度场进行了比对分析,发现本文所采用的模型与试验结果符合较好,误差在于没有考虑到墙体的水蒸气和排气孔的影响。随后建立不同厚度的保温材料层的墙体模型。研究了不同厚度的保温层对墙体的抗火性能的影响,得到了三种不同保温材料墙体同一墙体不同厚度处的温度-距离曲线和公式,以及不同墙体同一位置处温度场的温度-厚度公式和曲线,对其规律进行了归纳总结。提出了提高预制复合保温墙体的抗火性能的方法,提出提高墙体防火性能的构造措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the concentration of urban population is higher and higher, and high-rise buildings are more and more popular. Rapid development also brings many problems. The increasing number of building fires has become an important issue affecting urban safety. Social development also brings the consumption of resources, reduce building energy consumption and achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to energy saving and resist the influence of man-made and natural fire. It is the trend of industry to study the wall which has the function of heat preservation and heat insulation as well as the function of firewall. The thermal insulation performance and fire resistance of four prefabricated composite insulation walls are analyzed in this paper. Firstly, the requirement of heat preservation performance of energy-saving wall in hot summer and cold winter area is studied, and it is verified that the wall has good thermal insulation performance. Secondly, the fire resistance of prefabricated composite insulation wall is studied by fire test, and the temperature field and deformation of the wall under fire are also studied. Through finite element analysis, the influence of thermal insulation material type, thickness of insulation material layer and axial compression on the fire resistance of wall is discussed. The above analysis shows that the four prefabricated composite insulation walls made in this paper can meet the thermal insulation performance requirements of energy-saving and thermal insulation wall in hot summer and cold winter area; The effects of different insulation materials on wall thermal insulation and fire resistance are different. EPS and XPS insulation materials have similar effects on wall thermal insulation and fire resistance, and rock wool insulation materials have great improvement on wall fire resistance. The thickness of different insulating material layer has great influence on the thermal insulation performance and fire resistance of the wall, and the appropriate thickness of the insulating material layer is the best to improve the thermal insulation and fire resistance of the wall. Axial compression ratio has a certain effect on the deflection of the wall, but the smaller the axial compression ratio is, the smaller the out-of-plane deflection of the wall is, the more appropriate the axial compression ratio is, the lower the out-of-plane deflection of the wall is under fire. By means of finite element software, the temperature field of prefabricated composite insulation wall under fire is compared and analyzed. It is found that the model adopted in this paper is in good agreement with the experimental results, and the error lies in not taking into account the influence of water vapor and exhaust hole on the wall. Then the wall model of different thickness insulation material layer is established. The influence of different thickness insulation layer on the fire resistance of the wall is studied, and the temperature-distance curves and formulas of three different insulating materials are obtained at different thickness of the wall. The temperature-thickness formula and curve of different wall temperature field at the same position are summarized and summarized. The method of improving the fire resistance of prefabricated composite insulation wall is put forward, and the construction measures are put forward to improve the fire resistance of the wall.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU761.12

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