基于尺度规律的路网与城市效率关系研究

发布时间：2019-02-28 18:01

【摘要】：中国是世界上经济增长最快的国家,也是城市化最快的地区。城市是一个复杂的系统,城市中有很多类型的相互作用。社会互动创造了社会产出,也带来了社会消耗。中国人口众多,相对资源匮乏,城市发展需要以提高城市效率为核心。探索城市发展规律,定量表达城市效率,为中国城镇化提供理论依据与决策支持是城市研究的重点。本文应用多源数据,包括统计年鉴、夜间灯光遥感数据、浮动车数据等,结合定性和定量分析方法,从全国、城市群和城市内部三个尺度研究城市发展规律与城市效率。在全国尺度上,基于国际上定量城市学最新研究成果,探索尺度规律和社会联系密度模型在中国的适用性。一方面通过统计年鉴进行拟合得出人口和城市指标的尺度关系,分析城市化总体水平的逐年变化趋势,结果表明,中国城市发展逐渐成熟;另一方面,运用社会联系密度模型,分析城市人口密度与单位面积城市特性的关系;为了更客观更直观地计算中国城市效率,提出了基于夜间灯光指数的城市效率指数,该指数简单、客观、易用;在城市群尺度上,以京津冀城市群为例,对其网络效率和各城市局部效率进行分析,定量表达路网在整个城市群的纽带作用,单一城市的区位与交通与城市群的相互作用;城市尺度上,通过空间句法分析北京市路网形态与结构对交通的作用,并用实际的浮动车数据进行验证。实验结果如下:1)在全国尺度上,在《城市道路交通规划设计规范》规则内,人均GDP与人均道路长度正相关,最优城市效率随着人均道路长度(面积)的增加而增加,其他方式的社会联系的增加可以同样促进城市效率的提高。2)定义G=人均道路面积×人均GDP,G与人口的散点图呈倒三角形状,对于一个城市系统(国家)来说,在城市规模正常分布的前提下,三角形的面积越小,整体城市效率越高。3)基于夜间灯光的城市效率指数可以定量客观地评价城市效率,指数越大,则城市效率越高。4)在城市群尺度上,北京周边的河北省城市对京津冀的网络效率影响很小,要实现京津冀的协同发展,需要密切城市群内部其他城市之间的联系。5)在城市内部尺度,基于空间句法分析,容易拥堵道路的特征是具有非常低的平均深度、全局深度,比较高的全局整合度、局部整合度、控制性、长度、局部深度和连通性。
[Abstract]:China is the fastest-growing country in the world and the fastest-urbanizing region. A city is a complex system in which there are many types of interactions. Social interaction creates social output as well as social consumption. China has a large population, relatively scarce resources, urban development needs to improve urban efficiency as the core. Exploring the law of urban development, quantificationally expressing urban efficiency, and providing theoretical basis and decision-making support for China's urbanization are the key points of urban research. In this paper, multi-source data, including statistical yearbook, night lighting remote sensing data, floating car data and so on, combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, are used to study the law of urban development and urban efficiency from three scales: national, urban agglomeration and urban interior. On the national scale, based on the latest research results of quantitative urban science in the world, the applicability of the scale law and the social connection density model in China is explored. On the one hand, the scale relationship between population and urban indicators is obtained by fitting the statistical yearbook, and the trend of urbanization is analyzed year by year. The results show that the urban development in China is maturing gradually. On the other hand, the relationship between urban population density and urban characteristics per unit area is analyzed by using the social relation density model. In order to calculate Chinese city efficiency more objectively and intuitively, this paper puts forward the urban efficiency index based on night lighting index, which is simple, objective and easy to use. On the scale of urban agglomeration, taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as an example, this paper analyzes the network efficiency and local efficiency of each city, quantificationally expresses the link function of the road network in the whole urban agglomeration, the interaction between the location of a single city and the traffic and the urban agglomeration; On the city scale, the function of road network shape and structure on traffic in Beijing is analyzed by spatial syntax, and verified by the actual floating car data. The experimental results are as follows: 1) on the national scale, the per capita GDP is positively correlated with the per capita road length, and the optimal urban efficiency increases with the increase of the per capita road length (area) within the rules of the Urban Road Traffic Planning and Design Code. The increase in other forms of social ties can also contribute to the improvement of urban efficiency. 2) the definition of G = per capita road area 脳 per capita GDP,G and population scatter maps is inverted triangular, for an urban system (country), On the premise of normal urban size distribution, the smaller the triangle area is, the higher the overall urban efficiency is. 3) the urban efficiency index based on night lighting can quantitatively and objectively evaluate the urban efficiency, and the larger the index is, the higher the urban efficiency is. 4) on the scale of urban agglomeration, the cities of Hebei province around Beijing have little influence on the network efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, so it is necessary to realize the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. 5) in the urban internal scale, based on spatial syntactic analysis, road congestion is characterized by very low average depth, global depth, and relatively high global integration degree. 5) in the urban interior scale, based on spatial syntax analysis, road congestion is characterized by very low average depth, global depth, and relatively high global integration degree. Local integration, control, length, local depth and connectivity.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.191

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