常用外墙保温隔热材料全生命周期经济效益及环境效益评价
发布时间：2019-05-18 20:53
【摘要】：建筑围护结构主要由外墙组成,其保温隔热性能是控制建筑物能耗的重点及节能设计的关键。但是长期以来,我国的建筑墙体多数采用保温隔热性能较差的单一混凝土或普通砌块材料,其热工性能远不能达到相关节能指标和规定的要求。因此,墙体保温的新技术与产品目前已经成为建筑节能技术中备受关注的主要节能技术之一。外墙保温隔热材料作为降低建筑物热损耗,提高热工效率的重要节能手段之一,其在全生命周期内的经济性和环境影响同样值得关注。本研究结合全生命周期理论,通过技术经济评价和建筑环境表现评价(BEPAS)相关模型,研究外墙保温隔热材料在全生命周期内的经济效益和环境效益。通过热传导方程,计算聚苯乙烯泡沫板(EPS)、膨胀珍珠岩、岩棉和保温砂浆4种保温隔热材料的节能效率,并结合净现值法分析其经济效益;建立更新了以陕西省为目标区域的BEPAS效益因子指标体系,分析整理以上材料在物化和拆除阶段的污染物排放量清单,以及在使用运营阶段建筑物的减排量清单;对4种保温隔热材料的各阶段的各类环境负效益、环境正效益和全生命周期的综合效益进行比较分析。研究结果表明,保温隔热材料在使用运营阶段的经济正效益占主导地位,全生命周期净现值均大于0,可以节约煤炭、电力,带来极大的经济正效益。每种保温隔热材料虽然都有一定环境负效益,但在使用运营阶段由于减排所带来的正效益占主导地位,环境负效益几乎可忽略不计。针对负效益而言,EPS的负效益值最高,保温砂浆的最低。每种材料会对环境产生不同类型的负效益:EPS主要造成富营养化、水体毒性等水体污染,但其碳排放量较低;膨胀珍珠岩在物化和拆除阶段二氧化碳等各类温室气体排放量较大,对环境造成气候变暖的影响;岩棉会在产品生产阶段排放大量温室气体,在废品拆除回收阶段产生大量废弃岩棉纤维,造成气候变暖和固体废弃物等影响;保温砂浆在产品生产阶段会排放一定量氟化物,造成臭氧层损耗且影响较为严重,同样其也会造成一定程度的气候变暖。每种保温隔热材料在产品生产阶段的环境负效益值均较大或对环境有一定影响,要提高生产工艺,减少在产品生产阶段各类污染物的排放量,以降低生产阶段的环境负效益;此外,EPS要减少原材料开采阶段和废品拆除回收阶段的水体污染物排放,岩棉则要研究解决废品拆除回收阶段废弃岩棉纤维的回收利用。
[Abstract]:The building enclosure structure is mainly composed of external walls, and its thermal insulation performance is the key to control the energy consumption of buildings and the key to energy saving design. However, for a long time, most of the building walls in our country use single concrete or ordinary block material with poor thermal insulation performance, and their thermal performance is far from meeting the requirements of relevant energy saving indexes and regulations. Therefore, the new technology and products of wall insulation have become one of the main energy-saving technologies in building energy-saving technology. As one of the important energy-saving means to reduce the thermal loss of buildings and improve thermal efficiency, the economy and environmental impact of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are also worthy of attention. Based on the whole life cycle theory, the economic and environmental benefits of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are studied through (BEPAS) related models of technical and economic evaluation and building environmental performance evaluation. Based on the heat conduction equation, the energy saving efficiency of four kinds of thermal insulation materials, (EPS), expanded perlite, rock cotton and thermal insulation mortar, is calculated, and its economic benefit is analyzed by net present value method (NPV). The BEPAS benefit factor index system with Shaanxi Province as the target area is established and updated, and the pollutant emission inventory of the above materials in the physical, chemical and demolition stage, as well as the emission reduction list of buildings in the use and operation stage are analyzed and sorted out. The negative environmental benefits, environmental positive benefits and comprehensive benefits of the whole life cycle of four kinds of thermal insulation materials were compared and analyzed. The results show that the positive economic benefit of thermal insulation materials is dominant in the operation stage, and the net present value of the whole life cycle is more than 0, which can save coal and electricity and bring great economic and positive benefits. Although each kind of thermal insulation material has certain environmental negative benefit, the positive benefit brought by emission reduction is dominant in the operation stage, and the negative environmental benefit can be ignored. According to the negative benefit, the negative benefit value of EPS is the highest, and that of thermal insulation mortar is the lowest. Each material will have different types of negative benefits to the environment: EPS mainly causes eutrophication, water toxicity and other water pollution, but its carbon emissions are low; The expanded perlite emits large greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the physical, chemical and demolition stages, which causes the impact of climate warming on the environment. Rock cotton will emit a large number of greenhouse gases in the product production stage, and a large number of waste rock cotton fibers will be produced in the stage of waste removal and recovery, resulting in warm climate, solid waste and so on. Thermal insulation mortar will emit a certain amount of fluoride in the production stage, resulting in ozone layer depletion and serious impact, which will also cause a certain degree of climate warming. The environmental negative benefit value of each kind of thermal insulation material in the product production stage is large or has certain influence on the environment. It is necessary to improve the production process and reduce the emission of all kinds of pollutants in the product production stage in order to reduce the environmental negative benefit in the production stage. In addition, EPS should reduce the discharge of water pollutants in raw material mining stage and waste removal and recovery stage, and rock cotton should study and solve the recovery and utilization of waste rock cotton fiber in waste material demolition and recovery stage.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU551
本文编号：2480328
[Abstract]:The building enclosure structure is mainly composed of external walls, and its thermal insulation performance is the key to control the energy consumption of buildings and the key to energy saving design. However, for a long time, most of the building walls in our country use single concrete or ordinary block material with poor thermal insulation performance, and their thermal performance is far from meeting the requirements of relevant energy saving indexes and regulations. Therefore, the new technology and products of wall insulation have become one of the main energy-saving technologies in building energy-saving technology. As one of the important energy-saving means to reduce the thermal loss of buildings and improve thermal efficiency, the economy and environmental impact of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are also worthy of attention. Based on the whole life cycle theory, the economic and environmental benefits of external wall thermal insulation materials in the whole life cycle are studied through (BEPAS) related models of technical and economic evaluation and building environmental performance evaluation. Based on the heat conduction equation, the energy saving efficiency of four kinds of thermal insulation materials, (EPS), expanded perlite, rock cotton and thermal insulation mortar, is calculated, and its economic benefit is analyzed by net present value method (NPV). The BEPAS benefit factor index system with Shaanxi Province as the target area is established and updated, and the pollutant emission inventory of the above materials in the physical, chemical and demolition stage, as well as the emission reduction list of buildings in the use and operation stage are analyzed and sorted out. The negative environmental benefits, environmental positive benefits and comprehensive benefits of the whole life cycle of four kinds of thermal insulation materials were compared and analyzed. The results show that the positive economic benefit of thermal insulation materials is dominant in the operation stage, and the net present value of the whole life cycle is more than 0, which can save coal and electricity and bring great economic and positive benefits. Although each kind of thermal insulation material has certain environmental negative benefit, the positive benefit brought by emission reduction is dominant in the operation stage, and the negative environmental benefit can be ignored. According to the negative benefit, the negative benefit value of EPS is the highest, and that of thermal insulation mortar is the lowest. Each material will have different types of negative benefits to the environment: EPS mainly causes eutrophication, water toxicity and other water pollution, but its carbon emissions are low; The expanded perlite emits large greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the physical, chemical and demolition stages, which causes the impact of climate warming on the environment. Rock cotton will emit a large number of greenhouse gases in the product production stage, and a large number of waste rock cotton fibers will be produced in the stage of waste removal and recovery, resulting in warm climate, solid waste and so on. Thermal insulation mortar will emit a certain amount of fluoride in the production stage, resulting in ozone layer depletion and serious impact, which will also cause a certain degree of climate warming. The environmental negative benefit value of each kind of thermal insulation material in the product production stage is large or has certain influence on the environment. It is necessary to improve the production process and reduce the emission of all kinds of pollutants in the product production stage in order to reduce the environmental negative benefit in the production stage. In addition, EPS should reduce the discharge of water pollutants in raw material mining stage and waste removal and recovery stage, and rock cotton should study and solve the recovery and utilization of waste rock cotton fiber in waste material demolition and recovery stage.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU551
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，本文编号：2480328
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