爆破拆除试验及触地响应的研究分析

发布时间：2019-06-14 02:34

【摘要】：随着经济的迅速发展和城市化的不断推进,大量建筑物、构筑物和桥梁都面临着拆除的问题。拆除分为机械拆除与爆破拆除,本文针对实际桥梁爆破拆除中爆破振动与塌落触地振动这二者的影响孰大孰小这一问题,通过相关试验与数值分析得出塌落触地振动的影响更大这一结论,同时对塌落触地振动响应的影响因素也做了全面分析,最终将相关研究成果应用到武汉沌阳高架桥爆破工程的数值模拟中去。首先针对单柱爆破振动试验,采用流固耦合的方法对试验过程进行模拟,该模拟考虑爆破振动对于周围环境的影响,最终的数值计算结果与实测结果吻合得很好,证明该数值模拟方法可行有效,可以应用到类似的工程与试验中去。之后本文对爆破塌落触地振动试验进行了模拟,该模拟考虑触地振动对于周围环境的影响。本次数值模拟结果与试验结果在同一个量级证明此次数值模拟方法可行并有效。通过进行单柱爆破试验与塌落触地振动试验,对试验结果分析可知爆破过程中塌落触地振动比爆破振动的影响大很多。同时相关的数值模拟进一步验证了这一结论,在实际的桥梁爆破工程中可以只考虑塌落触地振动的过程。如何削弱触地振动响应的影响也是实际必须考虑的问题,本文针对触地振动响应的影响因素做了详细分析,当场地存在缓冲层、隔震沟、绿化带等减震措施情况下分别对其进行塌落触地振动的数值模拟,得出如下结论:如果在实际爆破工程中不做任何处理,触地振动的响应较大;当加入缓冲层或设置隔震沟或存在绿化带时响应明显减小,尤其是存在隔震沟的情况下触地响应衰减最为明显。将相关结论应用到武汉沌阳高架桥爆破工程的数值模拟中去,只考虑塌落触地振动的影响,建立与实际相一致的模型,包括橡胶缓冲层与绿化带的建立,成功模拟了该高架桥爆破塌落触地的全过程。本文通过一系列的试验与数值分析,得出在桥梁爆破工程中塌落触地振动相较于爆破振动对于周围环境的影响更大这一结论。同时本文对爆破工程,无论是爆破过程本身还是触地塌落的过程都进行了行之有效的数值分析,该数值模拟方法可以应用到类似的工程实际中去。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the continuous progress of urbanization, a large number of buildings, structures and bridges are facing the problem of demolition. Demolition is divided into mechanical demolition and blasting demolition. In this paper, aiming at the problem of the influence of blasting vibration and collapse touching vibration in actual bridge blasting demolition, it is concluded that the impact of collapse touching vibration is more serious through relevant experiments and numerical analysis, and the influencing factors of collapse touching vibration response are also comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the related research results are applied to the numerical simulation of blasting engineering of Xuanyang Viaduct in Wuhan. Firstly, for the single column blasting vibration test, the fluid-solid coupling method is used to simulate the test process. The simulation takes into account the influence of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment. The final numerical results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is proved that the numerical simulation method is feasible and effective, and can be applied to similar projects and experiments. After that, the vibration test of blasting collapse touching ground is simulated in this paper, which takes into account the influence of ground touching vibration on the surrounding environment. The numerical simulation results are in the same order of magnitude as the experimental results, which proves that the numerical simulation method is feasible and effective. Through the single column blasting test and the collapse touch vibration test, the analysis of the test results shows that the impact of the collapse touch vibration on the blasting process is much greater than that of the blasting vibration. At the same time, the related numerical simulation further verifies this conclusion, which can only consider the vibration process of collapse and touching the ground in the actual bridge blasting engineering. How to weaken the influence of ground-touching vibration response is also a problem that must be considered in practice. In this paper, the influencing factors of ground-touching vibration response are analyzed in detail. When there is buffer layer, isolation trench, green belt and other damping measures, the numerical simulation of ground-touching vibration is carried out respectively, and the following conclusions are drawn: if no treatment is done in the actual blasting engineering, the response of ground-touching vibration is greater; The response decreases obviously when the buffer layer is added or the isolation trench is set or there is a green zone, especially in the case of isolation trench, the attenuation of the ground contact response is the most obvious. The relevant conclusions are applied to the numerical simulation of blasting engineering of Wuhan Chuanyang Viaduct. Only the influence of collapse touching vibration is considered, and a model consistent with the actual situation is established, including the establishment of rubber buffer layer and green belt, and the whole process of blasting collapse touching ground of the viaduct is successfully simulated. In this paper, through a series of experiments and numerical analysis, it is concluded that the collapse and touching vibration has a greater influence on the surrounding environment than the blasting vibration in bridge blasting engineering. At the same time, this paper makes an effective numerical analysis of blasting engineering, both the blasting process itself and the collapse process of touching the ground, and the numerical simulation method can be applied to similar engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU746.5

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