进出口贸易对我国制造业工资差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 02:26

  本文关键词：进出口贸易对我国制造业工资差距的影响研究　出处：《南京航空航天大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 进出口贸易 产业间贸易 产业内贸易 行业工资差距 传导机制

【摘要】：从上个世纪七、八十年代以来，随着经济全球化和世界贸易自由化进程的加快，，南北贸易、北北贸易、产业间贸易、产业内贸易等各种形式的国际贸易迅速发展。伴随着这些贸易形式的发展，各国国内普遍出现了劳动者工资差距扩大的趋势，国际贸易与工资差距关系的研究遂成为国际经济学领域理论研究和经验分析的热点和难点之一。 大量学者从理论和实践两方面对进出口贸易与工资差距的关系进行了系统研究，形成了不同阶段的理论。古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论和新新贸易理论分别从产业间贸易、产业内贸易和产品内贸易角度解释了不同分工形式下的进出口贸易对工资差距的影响。尽管不同分工形式的进出口贸易对工资差距的影响结果不同，但其影响机制是相似的。进出口贸易分别通过技术进步、微观主体行为以及其他途径（商品价格、劳动需求弹性、非正规部门、教育、收入再分配等）影响一国国内的工资差距。 本文在全面梳理和阐述进出口贸易影响工资差距的理论基础和传导机制后，结合中国现实，对进出口贸易对中国工资差距的影响进行了经验检验，基本结论为：从行业角度看，中国各行业对外贸易的发展程度与行业的工资增长呈现出较大的正相关性，随着中国贸易结构的调整，行业间工资差距呈现逐步扩大的趋势。经验分析发现产业间贸易和产业内贸易这两种贸易形式对中国工资差距的影响是不同的。进出口贸易对中国组间（产业间贸易行业和产业内贸易行业间）工资差距的影响是：进出口总贸易、出口贸易、进口贸易对于产业间贸易行业和产业内贸易行业的工资都是降低的作用，因此对组间工资差距的影响是不确定的。进出口贸易对组内（产业间贸易行业和产业内贸易行业各自行业内部）工资差距的影响是：在产业间贸易形式下，总贸易、出口贸易、进口贸易均倾向于扩大产业间贸易行业内的工资差距。在产业内贸易形式下，总贸易、进口贸易倾向于扩大产业内贸易行业组内的工资差距，而出口贸易则倾向于缩小产业内贸易行业组内的工资差距。可见，进出口贸易的发展对中国行业间工资差距的扩大有着重要影响。 因此，我们有必要正确认识和看待进出口贸易与中国工资差距之间的关系，在坚持对外开放的同时，采取各种有效措施缓解国际贸易对中国工资差距的负面影响。一方面，积极调整外贸的产品结构、行业结构和地区结构，提高出口的需求弹性，将市场从国际向国内转移，减缓国际因素对国内各行业产能和就业的冲击。同时，加快产业的地区间转移和承接，扩大对高技能劳动的需求。中西部地区则可以通过承接东部，甚至是国际制造业产业转移,着重提高低技能劳动者的就业和福利水平。另一方面，积极运用经济和非经济手段拓宽就业渠道、改善收入分配。理顺劳动市场上的劳动价格，提高初次分配中劳动要素报酬的比重。在再分配的过程中，注重行业公平、地区公平和微观主体间的公平。只有将贸易改革和收入分配调整共同实施，才能有效降低和缓解进出口贸易对中国工资差距的负面影响。
[Abstract]:From the seven century since 80s, with the economic globalization and world trade liberalization, trade between the north and the south, North North trade, inter industry trade, intra industry trade and other forms of the rapid development of international trade. With the development of these forms of trade, each country is generally the wage gap expansion trend. Study on the relationship between international trade and the wage gap has become one of the hot and difficult analysis of international economics theory and experience.
A large number of scholars have made a systematic study on the relationship between import and export trade and wage gap from two aspects of theory and practice, the formation of the different stages of the theory. The classical trade theory, new classical trade theory, new trade theory and new trade theory from the perspective of inter industry trade, trade and industry trade and the intra product explains the effects of different division of labor under the form of import and export trade on the wage gap. Although the effects of different forms of import and export trade on the wage gap between different results, but its influence mechanism is similar. The import and export trade through technological progress, behavior and other ways (commodity prices, labor demand elasticity, the informal sector, the redistribution of education. Income etc.) affects the domestic wage gap.
Based on the comprehensive analyses of import and export trade affect the wage gap theory and transmission mechanism, combined with the China reality, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of import and export trade on the wage gap China, the basic conclusions are: from the perspective of industry, Chinese industries on the development degree of foreign trade and Industry wage growth has shown significant positive correlation with Chinese, the adjustment of trade structure, inter industry wage gap has been widening. Empirical analysis shows that the impact of inter industry trade and intra industry trade of the two forms of trade on the wage gap is different. China import and export trade to Chinese group (inter industry trade and intra industry trade industries between) affect the wage gap is: import and export trade, export trade and import trade for inter industry trade and intra industry trade and industry industry wages are reduced as Use, so the impact on the wage gap between groups is uncertain. The import and export trade in the group (inter industry trade industries and intra industry trade industries itself) affect the wage gap is in the form of inter industry trade, general trade, exports, imports were inclined to expand the inter industry trade the wage gap within the industry. In the form of intra industry trade, general trade, imports tend to widen the wage gap within the industry trade group in the industry, the export trade is tend to narrow the wage gap within the industry trade group. Therefore, has a great effect on the development of import and export trade expanded to China industry the wage gap.
Therefore, it is necessary for us to correctly understand the relationship between the view and the import and export trade and China wage gap, insist on opening at the same time, take various effective measures to alleviate the negative impact of international trade on the wage gap Chinese. On the one hand, actively adjust the foreign trade product structure, industry structure and regional structure, improve the elasticity of demand for exports from the international market, the domestic transfer, slow down the effect of international trade on the domestic productivity and employment. At the same time, speeding up the industrial transfer between areas and to expand the demand of high skilled labor. The western area can undertake the eastern, and even the international transfer of manufacturing industry, focusing on improving low skilled workers the employment and welfare level. On the other hand, actively use economic and non economic means to expand employment channels, improve income distribution. Straighten out the price of labor, improve early The proportion of distribution in labor remuneration. In the redistribution process, pay attention to fair trade, regional equity and equity among micro subjects. Only trade reform and income distribution adjustment joint implementation, to effectively reduce the negative import and export trade on the wage gap Chinese effect.

【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.6;F424;F249.24


本文编号：1367290