我国城镇化对区域生态效率的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 13:35

本文关键词：我国城镇化对区域生态效率的影响研究　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放30多年以来，随着中国经济的持续快速增长，城镇化呈现出稳步、快速的发展态势，城镇的不断发展和壮大成为推动我国经济增长和社会进步的“引擎”，但是快速城镇化在显著改善人民生活水平的同时，也带来了一系列的环境问题，比如城市的热岛效应、水华效应、灰霾效应、拥堵效应等，这些不仅对周围的生态环境造成了现实的破坏和潜在的威胁，而且对生态环境的承载能力也提出了更为严峻的挑战。随着中国城镇化的不断推进，资源短缺与环境污染问题日益凸显，如何以最小的生态损耗获得最大的经济社会效益，是我国新型城镇化建设中面临的一个重要课题。本文利用中国1999-2011年省际面板数据，基于超效率DEA，在测度区域生态效率的基础上，通过对IPAT模型扩展建立了面板数据计量模型，研究了我国区域生态效率与城镇化水平的关系。研究表明：（1）1999-2011中国各地区生态效率变化趋于平缓，但呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，而且东、中、西三大地带生态效率差异明显，较发达的东部地区生态效率较高，欠发达的中西部地区生态效率较低，这说明中西部地区资源利用效率低、环境污染严重，经济发展面临的环境压力较大；（2）城镇化水平与区域生态效率呈非对称U型关系，，即生态效率随着城镇化水平的提高呈现先下降经转折点而上升的趋势，且东、中、西三大地带这一趋势的转折点有所不同，东部地区部分省市已达到这一转折点，中、西部地区大部分省份还未达到这一转折点，但是对全国而言，目前还处于U型曲线的下降阶段，即随着城镇化水平的提高，区域生态效率不断下降；（3）产业结构调整、环境政策的转变以及技术水平的提高对区域生态效率有明显的促进作用。因此，必须进一步转变经济发展方式、优化环境政策、提高技术水平，进而提高城镇化的生态效率，推进资源节约、环境友好、经济高效的新型城镇化发展。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, with the sustained and rapid growth of China's economy, urbanization has shown a steady and rapid development trend. The continuous development and expansion of cities and towns has become the "engine" to promote economic growth and social progress in China. However, rapid urbanization has brought about a series of environmental problems while significantly improving people's living standards. For example, the urban heat island effect, Shui Hua effect, haze effect, congestion effect and so on, these not only caused real damage and potential threat to the surrounding ecological environment. And the bearing capacity of the ecological environment has also put forward a more severe challenge. With the development of urbanization in China, the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more and more prominent. How to obtain the greatest economic and social benefits with the minimum ecological loss. This paper uses inter-provincial panel data from 1999 to 2011 in China, based on super-efficiency DEA-based on the basis of measuring the regional ecological efficiency. The panel data measurement model is established by extending the IPAT model. This paper studies the relationship between regional ecological efficiency and urbanization level in China. The results show that the change of ecological efficiency in each region of China tends to be gentle from 1999 to 2011, but the trend is decreasing gradually, and the trend is east. There are obvious differences in ecological efficiency among the three major regions in the west and China. The more developed eastern regions have higher ecological efficiency, and the less developed central and western regions have lower ecological efficiency, which indicates that the central and western regions have low resource utilization efficiency and serious environmental pollution. The environmental pressure of economic development is great; (2) the relationship between urbanization level and regional ecological efficiency is asymmetrical U-type, that is, ecological efficiency decreases first and then rises at turning point with the increase of urbanization level, and the trend is east and middle. The turning point of this trend in the three major regions of the west is different. Some provinces and cities in the east have already reached this turning point. In the middle, most provinces in the western region have not reached this turning point, but for the whole country. At present, it is still in the decline stage of U-shaped curve, that is, with the increase of urbanization level, the regional ecological efficiency continues to decline; 3) the adjustment of industrial structure, the change of environmental policy and the improvement of technical level can obviously promote the regional ecological efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to further change the mode of economic development and optimize the environmental policy. Improve the technology level, and then improve the ecological efficiency of urbanization, promote the development of new type of urbanization, which is resource saving, environment friendly, economic and efficient.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X22;F299.21

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