S快递公司最后一公里配送优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 19:25

本文关键词：S快递公司最后一公里配送优化研究　出处：《华南理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在电商行业的带动下,快递行业快速发展。但近年由于竞争激烈、各项成本上升,快递也已逐步进入瓶颈阶段。在这种大环境下,提高资源效能、降低成本是各快递公司无一不考虑的问题。“最后一公里"配送,指快递公司将货物配送到最终客户手中(或从客户手中收集货物,参加中转运输)的过程,是快递公司与客户接触的末端环节。在这一环节,不仅体现快递公司的服务形象,也集中了快递公司大部分的资源来服务客户。因此,管理好最后一公里配送环节,是成本控制、提升效能的关键工作。本文对S公司实际运作过程进行分析。从货物被寄件人寄出,参加快递公司各节点、网点之间的中转,最后配送给客户的整个过程分析,总结出“劳动力”和“车辆"是“最后一公里"基本要素。从劳动力在运作中引发的问题,运用统计学的基础知识进行分析并提出三个解决方案:1)“优化劳动力结构和时间”,根据全职和兼职人员的工作效能和成本不同,灵活用工,使投入的劳动力数量更好的匹配货量的波动;2)“货物在各时段滞留优化”,即依据各快递产品时效差异,使各时段快递件数分布更平均,减少因货量波动引起的劳动力浪费;3)“收派模式优化-智能储物柜”,用机器取代人员,减少时间耗费,提升效能。运用运筹学理论使用整数线性规划的方法,对这三项措施逐一进行定量分析,得出人员劳动的最优结果。车辆接驳路线管理,是“最后一公里”的另一重要因素。本文根据企业用车的现状并综合将来仓库搬迁的计划,运用节约式算法的理论,对仓库搬迁后两个仓库服务区域的范围进行重新测算划分,对各自服务区域的车辆行驶路径进行整理。在满足车辆容积不超载、运行时间不超时的情况下,运用节约式算法,算出两区域所需要车辆的最少数量,以及每辆车停靠点的先后顺序。最后,通过对比实施措施前后的数据,成本的降低、时效指标改善、客户和员工满意度有所提高,来验证方案的有效性。
[Abstract]:In the electricity industry driven by the rapid development of the express delivery industry. But in recent years, due to intense competition, the rise in the cost of delivery has gradually entered the bottleneck stage. In this environment, improve resource efficiency, reduce the cost of the courier company is not considered. The "last mile" refers to the delivery, express company will the distribution of goods to the final customer (or the customer from the collection of goods in transit) process is the end part of the express company and customer contact. In this part, not only embodies the courier service image, also focused on the courier company most of the resources to serve the customer. Therefore, good management of the last mile distribution link is the cost control, the key to enhance the work efficiency. This article analyzes the actual operation process of S company. The goods are sent from the sender, each node in the courier company, transit network between the most. To analyze the process of customers after the match, summed up the "labor" and "vehicle" is the "last mile". From the basic elements of labor caused problems in operation, using the basic knowledge of statistical analysis and put forward three solutions: 1) "to optimize the structure of labor force and time", according to the working efficiency of full-time and part-time personnel and cost, flexible employment, the amount of labor input, the better the volume fluctuations; 2) "cargo retention optimization" in each period, which is based on the express product aging differences, so that each time a delivery number distribution is more average, reduce the volume caused by fluctuations in the labor waste; 3) "delivery mode optimization - Intelligent lockers, replace the personnel by machine, reduce the time cost, improve efficiency. Using the method of theory using integer linear programming, on the three measures by quantitative analysis, The optimal results of labor. Vehicle feeder route management, is another important factor in the last mile ". According to the present situation and future business vehicles comprehensive warehouse relocation plan, using the saving algorithm theory, re measure the division of the warehouse after the relocation of two warehouse service area, for their service the vehicle path to collate. To meet the vehicle volume overload, running time overtime, by saving algorithm, calculate the two area required minimum number of vehicles, and each car stops in order. Finally, by comparing the data before and after the implementation of measures, to reduce the cost of the aging index improve customer and employee satisfaction has improved, to verify the validity of the scheme.

【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F259.23

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