我国液态乳制品安全监管机制问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 02:29

本文关键词：我国液态乳制品安全监管机制问题及对策研究　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：液态乳制品已经成为人们生活当中不可或缺的食品之一,液态乳制品安全不容忽视并且是一个全球性的问题。本文主要采用文献分析与实证分析相结合、规范分析与理论联系实际、比较分析法等研究方法,并运用数据、图表等方式辅以支持,大量查阅相关文献,分析我国乳制品的发展历史及现状及产业未来发展趋势,结合乳业产业各个市场环节中各主体之间的关系,在乳制品安全监管机构设立、质量和价格监管等方面进行分析,同时比较借鉴发达国家在乳制品安全监管方面的成功经验,对液态乳制品安全监管问题和对策进行剖析,找到影响乳制品安全监管的核心因素,提出解决我国液态乳制品安全监管问题的对策建议。通过以上研究,可以得出以下结论： 1、我国乳制品存在质量安全问题,主要表现为①目前我国因生产分散、乳制品供应链的较长,供应链各环节控制不严、监管资源不足、检测技术与成本的限制、某些企业生产者缺乏诚信等多方面的原因,使乳制品生产出现较多质量问题,乳制品安全的形势更加严峻；②政府对乳制品行业的安全监管还很不到位,监管措施力度不够,法规标准不很完善。 2、建立健全乳制品安全监管体制,乳制品安全监管体制应该包括：①建立一个可以掌控全局,以立法机关、执法机关和司法部门三方面的共同协调施政,主管乳制品安全监督检查管理的机构部门：②乳制品生产加工企业参照国家相关法规建立安全控制体系,自觉的加强乳制品安全控制；③行业协会更好发挥规范引导行业作用,积极发挥企业、政府以及消费者之间有效沟通的桥梁和纽带作用。 3、健全乳制品安全法律法规和行业标准：①加强乳牛的科学管理、饲料配备、添加剂种类数量、防疫防控、生产加工及消费食用等方面的法律法规条例；②制定和修订关于奶牛饲养管理,乳制品加工技术、质量检测等标准,完善乳制品企业和乳制品的认证机制。对涉及乳制品质量安全的各个过程、各个方面、各个节点进行监控,完善乳制品质量安全方面的法律法规,使整个乳制品供应链的每一个环节都能够实现法制化、规范化、标准化。 4、全程监控乳制品田野到餐桌的过程,全程控制要求对原料奶生产与加工和销售的各环节都不能忽视,乳制品安全监管必须从细微到宏观抓起,需要对饲养奶牛、采集原奶、工厂加工、包装、储存运输、销售过程和消费等多环节进行严格控制,只有提高各环节的监管,才能提高乳制品的质量与安全。乳制品的各环节严格控制,不但取决于各环节的标准完善与执行程度,而且取决于法制的维护和科技水平的运用状况,所以,制定和实施完善的与国际接轨的标准体系,采用先进的科技含量高的控制手段,并在有效的法律框架内,依法进行质量与安全监控监管,是乳制品的安全得以实现的基本条件。通过研究发现,我国乳业的发展涉及政府、奶农、行业协会、生产者、消费者等诸多因素,液态乳制品供应链中的各个环节对液态乳制品质量安全的都有影响。因此,液态乳制品质量安全是一个全过程监管的结晶,完善我国液态乳制品质量安全保障体系是全社会的共同责任。最后,通过归纳分析,本文提出完善我国液态乳制品质量安全监管保障体系的几点建议：①积极探索液态乳制品安全监管体制新模式；②清理法律法规,完善法律体系；③完善和构建安全监管标准体系；④加强乳制品服务体系建设；⑤实行严格的乳制品安全进入政策；⑥完善乳制品安全可追溯及产品召回制度；⑦建立安全预警机制、加大宣传力度。
[Abstract]:Liquid dairy products have become one of the most indispensable food in people's lives. The safety of liquid dairy products can not be ignored and is a global problem.
This paper mainly uses the literature analysis and empirical analysis, normative analysis and theory with practice, comparative analysis and other research methods, and use of data, charts and other auxiliary support, a large number of relevant literature, analysis of the future development trend of China's dairy industry and the development history and current situation, combined with the relationship between the main body of each dairy industry the market in the process of setting up in the dairy safety regulatory agencies, quality and price supervision and other aspects of analysis, comparison and learn from the successful experience of developed countries in the dairy products safety supervision, the liquid dairy products safety supervision problems and countermeasures analysis, find the key factors influencing the safety of dairy products supervision, puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to solve China's liquid milk product safety regulatory issues.
Through the above research, we can draw the following conclusions:
1, China's dairy products quality and safety problems, mainly for the current production because of dispersion, the longer the dairy product supply chain, supply chain control is not strict, supervision resources, detection technology and cost constraints, some manufacturers lack of integrity and other aspects, so that the production of dairy products appear more the quality problem of the safety of dairy products, the situation is more serious; the government of the dairy industry safety supervision was not in place, lack of regulatory measures, regulations and standards are not perfect.
2, establish and improve the dairy products safety supervision system, the dairy products safety supervision system should include: establishing a charge to the legislature, law enforcement and judicial departments in three aspects of the common policy coordination, competent inspection management of the dairy products safety supervision organization department: production and processing enterprises of dairy products according to national relevant laws and regulations the establishment of safety control system, strengthen the safety control of dairy products industry association consciously; the better play the role of the industry norms to guide enterprises to actively, play bridge, effective communication between the government and consumers and ties.
3, improve the dairy products safety laws and regulations and industry standards, strengthen scientific management, dairy cattle feed additives with quantity, epidemic prevention and control, production and processing and consumption and other aspects of the laws and regulations; the formulation and revision of dairy management, dairy processing technology, quality testing standards, improve the authentication mechanism of milk enterprise products and dairy products. All of the various processes related to the quality and safety of dairy products, monitoring of each node, perfecting the laws and regulations of the safety and quality of dairy products, the dairy products supply chain every link to realize the legalization, standardization, standardization.
4, the process of monitoring the whole dairy farm to table the whole control requirements for each part of the raw milk production and processing and sales can not be ignored, the safety of dairy products from the subtle to macro regulation must be grabbed, need to raise dairy cows, the original milk collection, manufacturing, packaging, storage and transportation, sales process and consumption etc. links are strictly controlled, only to improve the supervision, in order to improve the quality and safety of dairy products. Various aspects of dairy products strictly controlled, not only depends on the various aspects of the standard and perfect degree of implementation and use of the situation, depending on the preparation method of the maintenance and the technical level so that the formulation and implementation of the standard system and the international standards of perfection, the control means of advanced science and technology content is high, and the effective legal framework, quality monitoring and supervision in accordance with the law, is the safety of dairy products to achieve a basic .
The study found that the development of China's dairy industry involving the government, farmers, industry associations, producers, consumers and other factors, each link of liquid milk products in the supply chain on the quality of liquid milk product safety will be affected. Therefore, the quality of liquid milk product safety is a whole process supervision to improve the quality of liquid crystal. The safety of dairy products security system in China is the common responsibility of the whole society.
Finally, through the inductive analysis, put forward some suggestions to improve our quality of liquid dairy products safety supervision and guarantee system in this paper: first, actively explore a new model of liquid dairy products safety supervision system; the clear laws and regulations, perfect the legal system; to perfect the construction safety supervision and standard system; to strengthen the construction of service system of dairy products strictly; the safety of dairy products into the policy; perfecting the dairy safety traceability and recall system; the establishment of early warning mechanism of safety, intensify propaganda.

【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;F426.82

【参考文献】