省级电网电、碳协调交易理论研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 09:39

本文关键词： 电、碳协调交易碳排放交易初始配额评价指标体系效益优化策略　出处：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,温室气体的排放量持续增加,作为排污大户的电力行业,必须做好节能减排工作。一方面,在满足用电需求,电力行业发展的同时,减少碳排放是未来的重点工作；另一方面,在保证电力系统安全、稳定、经济运行的前提下,避免单纯追求低碳损失整体利益,因此电、碳协调交易就显得尤为必要了。本文在分析电力企业实现低碳经济必要性的基础上,根据我国将逐步推行的碳交易机制,以华东、华中地区某些省级电网等电力发供电情况为例,结合《京都议定书》颁行的要求,研究了省级电力企业的碳排放交易特点；在电碳协调交易模式基础上,研究了电碳交易对电力平衡的影响,研究了电力企业应有的行为策略,研究了成本指标体系模型,最后进行了实例分析。具体如下： (1)电、碳协调交易模式及其对电网影响的研究本文首先提出了电、碳协调交易模式的概念及其组成。电、碳协调交易模式是由电力交易市场、碳排放交易市场以及它们相互协调组成的。本文分析了电、碳协调交易模式下,碳排放总量控制对电力供需平衡的影响；讨论了电、碳协调交易模式对购电及上网机组优化的影响；分析了电力成本评价指标体系的影响。 (2)针对碳排放因子及碳排放交易市场的研究本文重点讨论了碳排放因子,并给出了测算模型；研究了碳排放交易市场的组成模式。 (3)电、碳协调交易模式下效益优化策略的研究基于电、碳协调交易模式对生产层面的影响,本文利用因素分析法和目标函数约束法,研究了在考虑污染物排放情况下,电网购电优化模型；基于微增率方法,给出了等综合资源消耗微增率准则,并构建了上网机组优选的模型,使之在做出购电决策与上网机组选择时,不但要考虑保障电网的安全性与经济性等问题,还要考虑污染物排放所产生的经济性与社会效益问题。 (4)电、碳协调交易模式下评价指标体系研究基于电、碳协调交易模式下对综合效益层面的影响,构建了购电优化及环境因子指标体系,建立了环境因子测算模型与环境成本当量测算模型等,最终得到环境补偿综合成本模型,为企业发展决策提供依据。 (5)省级电网电、碳协调交易模式下指标体系实例分析综合电碳交易相关理论及构建的模型,给出了几个关键指标与算法的测算。其中包括：利用对污染治理类因子测算的模型,给出了华东某省级电网各电厂污染物排放因子与华中某省级电网各电厂污染物排放因子测算实例；利用对碳排放初始配额分阶段法的研究,给出了华东某省级电网碳排放初始配额测算实例；利用对等综合资源消耗微增率的模型研究,给出了华东某省级电网上网机组优化排序测算实例；利用对基于目标函数约束法的购电优化模型研究,给出了华中某省级电网购电资源优化成本测算实例；根据华中某省级电力的实际情况,给出了其跨区跨省电力交易测算实例。
[Abstract]:Along with our country city and urbanization process accelerating, greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, as the power industry emissions, must do the work of energy-saving emission reduction. On the one hand, to meet the demand for electricity, the power industry development at the same time, to reduce carbon emissions is the focus of future work; on the other hand, to ensure stable power the security of the system, under the premise of economic operation, to avoid the pursuit of low carbon loss on the overall interests, therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the carbon trading.
Based on the analysis of electric power enterprise to realize the necessity of low-carbon economy, according to China will gradually implement the carbon trading mechanism in East China, central China electric power supply some provincial power grid as an example, combined with < Kyoto Protocol > enacted requirements of carbon emissions trading provincial electric power enterprises in power; carbon trading coordination on the basis of the model, studied the effect of carbon trading on electric power balance, study the behavior strategy of power enterprises should, on the model of cost index system, finally carried on the example analysis as follows:
(1) the model of electric and carbon coordinated transaction and its influence on the power grid
This paper first puts forward the concept and composition of coordinated electricity, carbon trading mode. Electricity, carbon coordination trading model is composed of electric power market, carbon emissions trading market and their mutual coordination. This paper analyzes the coordination of electricity, carbon trading model, carbon emissions control effects on power supply and demand balance are discussed; carbon trading mode of coordination, purchase of electricity and internet influence unit optimization; analysis of the evaluation index system of the influence of the cost of electricity.
(2) research on carbon emission factors and carbon emissions trading market
The carbon emission factor is discussed in this paper, and the calculation model is given, and the model of the carbon emissions trading market is studied.
(3) research on efficiency optimization strategy under the mode of electricity and carbon coordinated transaction
Based on electricity, carbon trading mode of coordination on the level of production, factor analysis method and the objective function constrained by the method, and studied the situation of pollutant emissions, electricity purchasing optimization model; incremental method based on the comprehensive resource consumption incremental rule, and the construction of the Internet unit optimization model, the in making purchase decision and Internet unit choice, not only to consider the security and economy of power grid, but also consider the economy of the pollutant emissions generated by the social benefits and problems.
(4) research on the evaluation index system under the mode of electricity and carbon coordinated transaction
Based on electricity, carbon coordination effects on comprehensive benefit level transaction mode, construction of power purchase optimization and environmental factor index system, the establishment of environmental factor calculation model and equivalent calculation model of environmental cost, environmental compensation cost model is finally obtained, provide the basis for enterprise development decision-making.
(5) an example analysis of the index system under the mode of carbon coordinated transaction of the provincial power grid
General electric carbon trading related theory and model, gives the calculation of several key indicators and algorithm. Including: using factor calculation of pollution governance model, gives the emission factor of the power plant pollutants in East China and central China provincial grid of a provincial grid the power plant emission factor calculation example; Study on carbon emissions from the initial quota stages by using, gives the east of a provincial power grid carbon emissions quota calculation initial examples; using peer integrated resource model of incremental consumption, given the east of a provincial power grid Internet unit optimization sorting example; use of the purchase of the objective function optimization model based on constraint method, given the central provincial grid purchase optimization of cost calculation examples of electrical resources; according to the actual situation of China in a provincial power, given its cross provincial power trading real measure Cases.

【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F205

【参考文献】