中国快速城市化背景下城乡劳动力流动的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 10:48

本文关键词： 城乡劳动力流动户籍歧视住房价格　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国的城市化进程不断加快,城乡收入差距进一步被拉大,越来越多的农村劳动力流动到城市中寻求工作。但是,2004年劳动和社会保障部调研发现“民工荒”现象在中国东部城市逐渐显现,并呈愈演愈烈的趋势。这种城乡收入差距不断扩大而城乡劳动力流动规模在有些城市不增反减的现实情况与Harris-Todaro模型的理论分析相悖。本文在Harris-Todaro模型的基础上,通过引入效用函数构建一个新的城乡劳动力流动均衡模型,将户籍制度和住房价格因素纳入到模型分析中,得出城乡收入差距与劳动力流动规模正相关,而失业率、户籍歧视和城市住房价格与劳动力流动规模负相关的命题。在此基础上,利用1998～2012年中国30个大中城市的面板数据进行实证检验。实证结果表明,城乡收入差距作为影响农村剩余劳动力流动的主要“拉力”,其不断扩大的趋势会吸引大量农民工进城务工。失业率反映农民工进城寻找工作的难易程度,与劳动力流动规模成负相关关系。户籍歧视减弱促使农村劳动力大量转移,为城市提供源源不断的劳动力。城市房价上涨对农村劳动力流入城市产生阻碍,抑制了劳动力流动规模的扩大。东中西部不同区域城市的劳动力流动规模影响因素存在显著差异。因此,必须统筹城乡经济发展,维持劳动力市场稳定,加快户籍制度改革,抑制城市房价过快上涨,合理规划区域经济发展战略,重视和加强农民工的住房保障、子女入学、医疗保障等公共产品供给,促使农民工市民化。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the process of urbanization in China has been accelerating, the urban-rural income gap has been further widened, more and more rural labor flow to the city to seek work. In 2004, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security found that the phenomenon of "shortage of migrant workers" gradually appeared in the eastern cities of China. The income gap between urban and rural areas is widening and the scale of urban and rural labor mobility in some cities is decreasing instead of increasing, which is contrary to the theoretical analysis of Harris-Todaro model. This paper is based on the Harris-Todaro model. Through the introduction of utility function to construct a new equilibrium model of urban and rural labor mobility, the household registration system and housing price factors into the model analysis, it is concluded that the urban-rural income gap and the scale of labor mobility is positively related. The unemployment rate, household registration discrimination and urban housing prices are negatively related to the scale of labor mobility. On this basis. Using panel data of 30 large and medium-sized cities in China from 1998 to 2012, the empirical results show that the urban-rural income gap is the main "pull force" that affects the flow of rural surplus labor. Its expanding trend will attract a large number of migrant workers to work in the city. The unemployment rate reflects the difficulty of migrant workers entering the city to find work. There is a negative correlation with the scale of labor flow. The weakening of household registration discrimination impels a large number of rural labor force to transfer and provides a continuous stream of labor force for the city. The rise of urban house prices hinders the inflow of rural labor into the city. Restrain the expansion of the scale of labor mobility. There are significant differences in the factors affecting the scale of labor mobility in different cities in the east, west and west regions. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate urban and rural economic development and maintain the stability of the labor market. Accelerate the reform of the household registration system, curb the rapid rise of urban housing prices, reasonable planning of regional economic development strategy, attach importance to and strengthen the housing security of migrant workers, children enrolled in school, medical security and other public goods supply. To promote the urbanization of migrant workers.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.2

【共引文献】