稀土产品市场的多寡头古诺模型预测研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 11:06

本文关键词： 稀土产品质量标准相异成本扩展古诺模型　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：稀土是17种特殊金属元素的总称，其产品主要有永磁材料、发光材料、抛光材料等产品，在显像管、医学、核物理、军事等领域有着广泛的应用，因此有“工业维生素”之称。一直以来稀土寡头垄断市场中存在着资源开发强度过大、源头产品过剩、三废排放超标、稀土产品走私以及过度竞争等诸多问题，相关部门提出的相对应的政策在一定程度上有所缓解，但稀土企业盈利低，，产品过剩问题仍然没有得到解决。古诺模型是研究各厂商怎样选择产量策略来使得自己利益最大化的博弈论模型，现在的研究结果大都是针对每个寡头只生产一种产品且是具有一定替代性的差异产品。而稀土产品是具有行业统一产品质量标准的，即产品具有不同的质量等级之分。根据现实的需求，本文旨在建立具有不同质量等级标准产品的古诺模型并给出均衡数值解。本文在生产商执行统一质量等级标准的情景下建立了多寡头古诺竞争模型，各质量等级产品遵循线性价格需求函数且其参数与产量质量等级相关联，各生产商可生产任意质量等级产品且生产成本不同。选择寡头数目、自身成本与对手成本、优势产品成本与劣势产品成本这三组变量共设计了2592个算例，分析了对模型均衡解的影响。每个生产商运用Lingo软件决策，Visual C++调用Lingo实现迭代收敛求解，计算结果存入SQL Server数据库中。通过研究发现，有质量等级产品的古诺模型结果与没有质量等级产品的古诺模型不同。前者比后者在寡头数目增加会导致市场上产品总产量增加幅度较大、总利润下降的幅度较小；前者比后者自身成本降低比对手成本升高，成本优势产品的成本降低比劣势产品的成本降低，对利润的贡献大的程度较小。这些结论对于新企业进入稀土行业以及稀土企业的生产决策有着借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Rare earth is the general name of 17 special metal elements. Its products mainly include permanent magnet materials, luminescent materials, polishing materials and so on. They are widely used in many fields such as picture tube, medicine, nuclear physics, military affairs and so on. Therefore, there are many problems in the oligopoly market of rare earths, such as excessive exploitation intensity of resources, oversupply of products from the source, excessive discharge of three wastes, smuggling of rare earth products and excessive competition, etc. The corresponding policies put forward by the relevant departments have been alleviated to a certain extent, but the rare earth enterprises have low profits and their products are surplus. The Cournot model is a game theory model that studies how manufacturers choose production strategies to maximize their benefits. Most of the current research results are aimed at producing only one product for each oligarch and it is a product with a certain degree of substitution. Rare earth products have a uniform product quality standard in the industry. That is, the product has different quality grades. According to the actual requirements, this paper aims to establish the Cournot mold with different quality grade standard products. In this paper, a multioligarch Cournot competition model is established under the condition that the manufacturer carries out the unified quality grade standard. Each quality grade product follows the linear price demand function and its parameters are related to the yield and quality grade. Each manufacturer can produce arbitrary quality grade products and the cost of production is different. Three groups of variables, namely, the number of oligarchs, the cost of their own and the cost of competitors, the cost of superior products and the cost of inferior products, have been designed for 2592 examples. This paper analyzes the influence on the equilibrium solution of the model. Each manufacturer uses Lingo software to make decision and call Lingo. The iterative convergence solution is solved, and the results are stored in the SQL Server database. The result of Cournot model with quality grade product is different from that without quality grade product. The increase of the number of oligarch in the former will result in the increase of total product output and the decrease of total profit in the market. The cost of the former is lower than that of the latter, and the cost of the cost of the superior product is lower than that of the inferior product. These conclusions are useful for the new enterprises to enter the rare earth industry and the production decisions of rare earth enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426;F276.8;F224

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