基于经济学视角的我国商业贿赂的动因及其治理分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:24

本文选题：商业贿赂　切入点：贿赂治理　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：商业贿赂作为经济活动中的一种现象,通常是指经营者在市场经营活动中向能为他提供交易机会的单位或者个人给予财物或者非财产性利益的行为。商业贿赂产生的根源比较清晰：通过牺牲一小部分的利益来获得较大一部分的利益。但是,这一简单的逐利动机,造成的危害却能影响整个社会。首先,商业贿赂会破坏正常的市场交易秩序,打破市场良性运行的交易规范,损害社会诚信原则,会导致市场失灵,扭曲市场对资源的配置。同时,动摇了公平、公正的社会价值观念。商业贿赂还会加重消费者负担,降低了消费者的福利。另外造成质次价高商品或服务充斥市场。商业贿赂会阻碍企业技术进步,妨碍经济的健康发展。政府公职人员涉及到的商业贿赂则危害更甚,首先会滋长权力寻租现象,贿赂腐败互为因果。再次,公务人员的职务廉洁性被玷污,危害政府威望,腐蚀统治基础。随着我国市场经济的发展,商业贿赂已经渗透到经济生活相关的各行各业,涉及的人员众多,范围非常广泛。自2006年,我国将商业贿赂的治理提高到整个国家的层面。但是,商业贿赂也在随着市场经济的发展而“进化”,贿赂手段越来越新,越来越隐蔽,这给政府执法部门的执法治理带来很大的难度。并且,商业贿赂的“界定难”问题也给贿赂犯罪的定罪带来很多不确定和可操作的因素。另外,执法力度不足的问题,执法的主体混乱、缺少衔接的机制以至于合力不足,还有执法手段并不多样化的问题都是商业贿赂治理难的原因。商业贿赂作为经济机制上的一颗毒瘤,并不是一种简单的社会现象。在其背后隐藏着多种力量的博弈。它之所以产生,是因为存在着适合它生在的环境、土壤和条件。如果不探求其背后的根源,只是被动打击,那么层次不穷、各种各样的商业贿赂形态还将不断涌现,治理最终只能是治标不治本。本文就我国商业贿赂立法法律现状及治理困境做出说明,试图找出商业贿赂治理难以取得成效的关键因素。本文通过辨析了商业贿赂与其相似易混淆的概念,如回扣、佣金、附赠,试图为治理的侦破环节提供参考。结合对商业贿赂行为的参与主体、运行模式,与监管者博弈等方面进行经济学的剖析,目的在于了解商业贿赂的运行机理,梳理利益相关者之间的关系,找出破解其利益链条的关键节点。并针对现行的法律规则进行思考及提出宏观层面、中观层面及微观层面的建议。希望能够对我国的商业贿赂的有效治理有所帮助。文章使用了经济学中博弈的方法再现了监管者与经营者之间完全信息静态博弈、监管者与经营者之间两阶段的动态博弈过程,以及分析了商业贿赂的贿赂空间。发现监管力度在一定程度上能够遏制商业贿赂的发生,惩罚力度对商业贿赂的发生也有打击作用。因此,政府的执法机关必须要提供有力的监管、打击力度,立法部门也应结合实际情况与商业贿赂现状调整贿赂法规的惩罚力度。然而,执法部门由于经费等原因,不可能无限制的投入人力、财力,并且研究表明,即使监管力度大到百分百监管,商业贿赂也不会有效减少。所以,仅仅依靠政府的监管是不可能实现有效治理的,还需要社会舆论、社会风气、行为人自身修养等方面的共同提高。文章从刑罚对行贿、受贿处罚的轻重程度来看以及是否享受“特别自首”条款,根据我国现行法律规定建立囚徒困境模型。发现如果处罚力度设置不当,双方甚至都有可能从这种处罚中获利；或者双方都对罪行百般抵赖,增加了监管机构的处罚成本和侦查投入。最后,提出对商业贿赂行为的惩治与治理、构建全方位商业贿赂惩治体系的思考与建议。
[Abstract]:Commercial bribery is a kind of phenomenon in economic activities, usually refers to the operators in the market and business activities to provide trading opportunities for his units or individuals to give property or non property interests. Sources of commercial bribe produces relatively clear: to obtain a large part of the interests at the expense of a small part of the interest. However, this simple profit motive, the harm can affect the whole society. Firstly, commercial bribery will disrupt the normal market order, breaking the benign operation of the market transaction, harm the principle of good faith, will lead to market failure, distorting the market allocation of resources. At the same time, a fair shake, social value the concept of justice. Commercial bribery will increase the burden on consumers, reduce the welfare of consumers. In addition to causing zhicijiagao goods or services market is full of commercial bribery will hinder the enterprise. Technological progress hinders the healthy development of the economy. The commercial bribery related to government officials is more dangerous. First, the phenomenon of power rent seeking is first increased. Bribery and corruption are mutually causative. Once again, the integrity of public servants is smear, endangering the prestige of the government, and corrupting the ruling base.
With the development of our market economy, commercial bribery has penetrated into the economic life related industries, many personnel involved in a wide range. Since 2006, our country will improve the governance of commercial bribery to the national level. However, commercial bribery is also with the development of market economy and the "evolution", means of bribery and more new, more subtle, which brought great difficulties to the enforcement of law enforcement and government governance. Commercial bribery, definition of "difficult" problem for the crime of bribery conviction and bring a lot of uncertainty and operational factors. In addition, the lack of law enforcement, law enforcement of the main confusion, lack of cohesion mechanism that force insufficient, as well as the law enforcement means not diversified problems are the reason of commercial bribery is difficult.
Commercial bribery as a cancer of economic mechanism, is not a simple social phenomenon. In the hidden behind a variety of power game. It arises because there exists for it in the environment, soil and conditions. If the root does not seek behind it, just passive combat, then level poor, various forms of commercial bribery will continue to emerge, governance can only be a temporary solution. This paper explains the current situation and Governance Dilemma of legislation of commercial bribery, trying to find out the key factors of commercial bribery governance is difficult to achieve results. In this paper, through the analysis of the concept of commercial bribery and similar confusing such as rebates a Commission, bonus, trying to provide a reference for the detection of link management. Combined with the subject of commercial bribery, participation mode, economics analysis and game regulators etc.,. The operation is to understand the mechanism of commercial bribery, analysis of the relationship between stakeholders, to find the key nodes to break its chain of interests. And according to the current rules of legal thinking and put forward the macro level, meso level and micro level suggestions. Hope to effective governance of commercial bribery in China's help.
This paper uses the methods of economics in reproduction of the game between the regulator and the operators of complete information static game, dynamic game process between regulators and operators of the two stage, as well as the analysis of the commercial bribery bribery space. That supervision can curb commercial bribery in a certain extent, the punishment of commercial bribery has hit the role of law enforcement agencies. Therefore, the government must provide effective supervision, punishment, punishment legislation departments should also be combined with the actual situation of commercial bribery and bribery status adjustment regulations. However, the law enforcement departments due to financial reasons, can not be unlimited investment in manpower, financial resources, and studies show that, even if the supervision of large to 100 supervision, commercial bribery is not reduced. Therefore, it is impossible to realize the effective governance rely solely on government supervision, social need The common improvement of public opinion, social atmosphere and the self-cultivation of the perpetrator.
This article from the penalty of bribery, bribery punishment view severity and whether to enjoy "special surrender" clause, the establishment of the prisoner's dilemma model according to the current laws and regulations. If the punishment is set properly, the two sides might benefit from this punishment; or both of crime denials, increased regulatory the investigation and punishment cost investment. Finally, put forward the punishment and governance of commercial bribery, thoughts and suggestions on building a full range of commercial bribery punishment system.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;D922.294;D924.392

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