考虑学习效应的闭环供应链定价策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:03

本文选题：闭环供应链　切入点：再制造　出处：《南京理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在闭环供应链管理中,废旧产品回收模式的选择是一项重要且复杂的工作,它对废旧产品的回收效率和闭环供应链各成员利润起着决定性作用。闭环供应链中由于生产过程存在学习效应,会使得新产品的单位生产成本随着时间的推移而下降,新产品成本的变动必然同时影响闭环供应链中新产品和再制造产品的定价和需求量。基于此,本文考虑学习效应,建立两周期闭环供应链定价模型,研究不同的回收模式和学习效应对供应链成员均衡决策和利润的影响,具有一定的现实意义。本文就一条由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的闭环供应链构建两阶段动态规划和动态博弈模型,其中第一周期仅生产新产品,第二周期同时生产新产品和再制造产品,制造商负责回收废旧产品,显性考虑废旧产品回收量对于第二周期再制造产品供应量的约束,研究不同的回收模式、消费者偏好、学习效应等对闭环供应链成员的均衡决策和利润的影响。首先建立不考虑学习效应的闭环供应链的定价模型,研究集中决策下和分散决策下闭环供应链的定价策略,并将模型拓展到零售商回收的情况,比较了两种回收模式下闭环供应链的均衡决策和利润。在此基础上,考虑新产品生产过程存在学习效应,分别研究线性学习曲线和非线性学习曲线下闭环供应链的定价策略,最后对这两种学习曲线下闭环供应链的均衡决策和利润进行比较。通过研究得出以下结论： (1)制造商回收模式下第一周期新产品和第二周期再制造产品的批发价格、零售价格低于零售商回收模式下的结果,而回收努力水平高于零售商回收时的结果,第二周期新产品的批发价格、零售价格在这两种回收模式下相同。相比零售商回收模式,闭环供应链在制造商回收模式下获得“帕累托”改进。 (2)学习能力越强,第一周期新产品的批发价格和零售价格越高,第二周期新产品的批发价格和零售价格、再制造产品的批发价格和零售价格以及回收努力水平越小。闭环供应链及其成员的利润都随着学习能力和消费者偏好的增加而增加。 (3)相比线性学习曲线,闭环供应链及其成员都在非线性学习曲线下获得了较高的利润,因为非线性情况下学习能力的提高使得新产品在第二周期能够以更低的成本进行生产,为闭环供应链带来更大的利润空间。以上研究对闭环供应链成员企业的运营和营销管理提供了决策参考,如企业可以采取措施提高消费者对再制造产品的偏好、降低再制造产品的生产成本以及提高企业员工的学习能力等。
[Abstract]:In the closed-loop supply chain management, it is an important and complicated task to select the recycling mode of waste products. It plays a decisive role in the recovery efficiency of waste products and the profits of the members of the closed-loop supply chain. Because of the learning effect in the production process in the closed-loop supply chain, the unit production cost of the new product will decrease with the passage of time. The change of the cost of new products will inevitably affect the pricing and demand of new products and remanufactured products in the closed-loop supply chain at the same time. Based on this, a two-cycle closed-loop supply chain pricing model is established considering the learning effect. It is of practical significance to study the effects of different recovery models and learning effects on the equilibrium decision and profit of supply chain members. In this paper, a two-stage dynamic programming and dynamic game model is constructed for a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, in which only new products are produced in the first cycle, and new products and remanufactured products are produced simultaneously in the second cycle. Manufacturers are responsible for recycling waste products, explicitly considering the constraints of recycling amount to the second cycle remanufacturing product supply, and studying different recycling models and consumer preferences. First, the pricing model of closed-loop supply chain without learning effect is established, and the pricing strategy of closed-loop supply chain under centralized decision and decentralized decision is studied. The model is extended to retailer recovery, and the equilibrium decision and profit of the closed-loop supply chain are compared under the two recycling modes. On this basis, the learning effect of the production process of new products is considered. The pricing strategies of the closed-loop supply chain under the linear learning curve and the nonlinear learning curve are studied respectively. Finally, the equilibrium decision and profit of the closed-loop supply chain under the two learning curves are compared. (1) Wholesale prices of new products in the first cycle and re-manufactured products in the second cycle under the manufacturer's recycling mode are lower than those in the retailer's recycling mode, and the level of recycling efforts is higher than that of the retailer's recycling, The wholesale price and retail price of the new product in the second cycle are the same under these two recycling modes. Compared with the retailer recovery mode, the closed-loop supply chain obtains Pareto improvement in the manufacturer recovery mode. 2) the stronger the learning ability, the higher the wholesale and retail prices of new products in the first cycle, and the wholesale and retail prices of new products in the second cycle. The wholesale and retail prices of remanufactured products and the level of recycling efforts are smaller. The profit of the closed-loop supply chain and its members increases with the increase of learning ability and consumer preference. Compared with the linear learning curve, the closed-loop supply chain and its members make a higher profit under the nonlinear learning curve, because the improvement of learning ability in the nonlinear situation enables the new product to be produced at lower cost in the second cycle. Bring more profit space for closed-loop supply chain. The above research provides a decision reference for the operation and marketing management of closed-loop supply chain member enterprises, such as enterprises can take measures to improve consumers' preference for remanufactured products. Reduce the cost of re-manufacturing products and improve the learning ability of employees.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F713.2;F224.32

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